Details about the main G2a3 (U8*) clade (DYS388=13)
......Group 1 with several subgroups omitted

                       link here to all persons listed here in Y-Search              link here to the lab results in Haplo G Project
                               [the lengthier marker sets]

                      link here to the Sorenson Y-DNA database                link here to YHRD database
                        [search for surname using FTDNA values]

Explanation of this group 1
Please note that all references to the old terminology for this group have been changed here to
say G2a. Some other locations on the Internet may still use the old term, G2.

The diagram above forms what is referred to as a star cluster. This indicates that the men are
closely related with links entending in multiple directions rather than along discrete branches alone. Two subgroups
within this group have their own, separate pages as the men within the subgroups are very closely related.
With additional samples other such subgroups may emerge. The boundaries between groups 1 and 2
were arbitrarily drawn based on genetic distance from these two subgroups, but some samples in group 2 are
near the boundary and might more properly belong to group 1. Segregating the two groups provides some help,
however, in seeing the geographical origins of the most closely related persons.

Group 1 contains virtually all the Swiss and Welsh men within this clade. This probably has significance.
There probably was not a Welsh emigration to Switzerland, and the reverse is probably true.
This migration occurred in the Middle Ages, and the number of men involved is not trivial.
The migration likely occurred after the Norman invasion of 1066, and Switzerland and adjacent
areas are not normally thought of when one lists the components of the Norman alliance. One
location worthy of additional study is the Burgundian Kingdom of eastern France in the Middle
Ages. This kingdom founded several important Swiss cities, extended its rule into today's southern
Germany and also ruled Flanders in the Low Countries. Flemish merchants emigrated to England
in the Middle Ages to mediate the transfer of wool to the looms in Flanders, and they might be
one source of this entry into the British population.

The common ancestor of this group also had descendants who went into Italy, Spain, Austria
and Sweden as indicated by the listing of test participants. Only Group 1 contains persons
from southern Europe based on the longer marker sets available. Clade # 2 is in a minority in
southern Europe.

This clade and group have values of 13 at the DYS388 marker while almost all the G men not
part of the clade have a value of 12. There are a few men who belong to this clade who have
values of 12 while possessing all other typical markers characteristic of the clade.

Multiple members of this clade were found by the project by Garvey et al. to be positive for
the new SNP mutation U8, but not for U1, U13 or U16.   It is not clear what category will
be assigned at the completion of the project, but it could be G2a3*. The tested men in this clade
are known to be G2a but not G2a1 or G2a2.

The characteristics of the two subgroups within Group 1 are explained on their pages.

A large majority of the persons here seem to have an origin in the British Isles. This could be
explained primarily by the locations of customers of the labs at which the men were tested. A random
selection would probably show better representation of other geographical areas.

There are partial samples from Ossetia Russia, Georgia, and Iran that exactly match
the typical values seen in this clade. The ones in Ossetia and Georgia are a recognizable G
minority. Time calculations suggest the most recent common ancestor of both the
Georgian/Ossetian group and this DYS388=13 clade lived sometime between 2000 and
3000 yrs ago. This fact also suggests that the European clade had its origins somewhere in
that region. The available Georgian/Ossetian sample contains the ancestral DYS388=12.
If this DYS388=13 clade had its origins among the Sarmatian peoples of the Caucasus
region, they would likely have been a minority within the migrating group because the
DYS388 marker changed from 12 to 13 likely within a 500-year period. This would make
it difficult for the man who mutated to 13 to produce as descendants the hundreds of thousands
of Sarmatian peoples who entered Europe about 2000 yrs. ago.

Persons probably belonging to this group    June 2007 update
............confirmed members with 37 markers listed on the graph above are in bold
.....................those with fewer than 37 markers who only seem to belong to the clade are in plain type

who list origins in England
Smithers 7NRGV in Y-Search. 73572 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but unclear if tested
          further.   Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Massey (English), Cook/Koch (German)
         and 2 Americans, Navoyski and Steeley.
Rose # 1 T9PNN in Y-Search. 4484 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab but negative for G2a1
           and G2a2. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 years with Massey (English), Ruff (Swiss?) and
           Navoyski (American with assumed name)
Elliott 8EKMT in Y-Search. 80200 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab but unclear if tested further.
           Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Ruff (Swiss?) and Bailey (English).
Hampshire 2DC42 in Y-Search. 82233 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
           Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with 2 Swiss men, Botteron and Rufener, Stuart
           (Scottish) and Navoyski, an American with an assumed name.
Short 67T9T in Y-Search. 36847 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but unclear if tested
               further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Platt (German).
Bullock # 4 GEQYF in Y-Search. 31856 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but
              unclear if tested further.
Merrell 59YZ4 in Y-Search. 84956 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
               [This sample is brand new and did not make the deadline for inclusion on the chart above.]
               Though he has a surname similar to the Merrills, he does not share a similar family
               history, and he is relatively distant from them though in the same Group 1.
Merrill # 3  S3ARK in Y-Search.   Apparently not in G Project.  Confirmed by lab as G2a but
              not G2a1 or G2a2. He has a highly unusual 19 value for DYS19 which has been determined
              to be an erroneous entry at Y-Search. There are 3 other Merrill men with lesser number
              of markers who closely match him otherwise. These will not be listed individually, but
              link here to all of them in Y-Search.
Phelps # 1 [probably not biological ancestor's surname] 8TPH9 in Y-Search. N6009 in
              G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a.   Confirmed by Garvey Project (# Y-138) as G2a
                                                                            and U8+ but negative for U1 and other subgroups.
Griggs # 1 AJKJ4 in Y-Search. 40005 in G Project. Only predicted as G. Only the G Project
              at this moment has all his 37 markers.
Griggs # 2 3SEKH in Y-search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
              confirmed as G.
              They Griggses are apparently closely related. They share a common ancestor within 1000
              years with Hughes (Irish) and the Stewarts (Scottish or Scottish surname). He likely
              also has a close relationship with the Hamiltons (Americans) Griggs is listed as Scottish
              in the G Project.
  Jarvis # 1  NS3U7 in Y-Search. 31640 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but negative
               for G2a and G2b.
Jarvis # 2 J4VR6 in Y-Search. 60607 in G Project. Only predicted as G. Virtually the same as # 1.
Coleman # 3 Apparently not in Y-Search. 64347 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a but
                unclear if tested further.   He is closely related to Coleman # 1 (American) and Coleman
                # 2 (Welsh)

who list origins in Ireland
  Kincaid # 2  DPW84 in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
            confirmed as G. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Ruff (Swiss?), Howard
            (English), Cook/Koch (German), and 3 Americans, Mulkey, Robinson # 2 and Navoyski.
Culbreath/Calbreath MXD8R in Y-Search. 20342 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a.
             but negative for G2a1 or G2a2.
Hines # 1 7M9ZA in Y-Search. 25397 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but
              unclear if tested further.
Hines # 2 FHBAY in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project.  Unclear whether predicted or
              confirmed as G.
         The two Hineses are exact matches at 67 markers.

who list origins in Scotland
Stuart   MBY6X in Y-Search. 80564 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab. Shares a
            common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Hampshire (English) and Rufener (Swiss).
            He also matches Stewart # 4 for 33 of 37 markers.
Brace  KBFGT in Y-Search. 81974 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a, and negative for G2a1
           and G2a2. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with 2 Welshmen, Williams # 6 & # 7 and
            Haney, an American.
  Stewart # 2 Apparently not in Y-Search. 70360 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+)
            but unclear whether tested further. Not closely related to Stewart # 1, # 3 and # 4.
Stewart # 4 MSAAB in Y-Search. 70360 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+) but
            unclear whether tested further. He matches Stuart 33 of 37 markers.

who list origins in Wales
Wilson # 1 DSBZS in Y-Search. 9951 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but negative for
          G2a1 or G2a2. Shares a common ancestor with Wetzel (Germanic surname) within 1000 yrs.
          The link to Wales is merely family lore and not proven.
Williams # 3 3NY8P in Y-Search. 36706 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab, but unclear if
         tested further. Only American origins, but has a Welsh surname.
Williams # 4 TCA69 in Y-Search. 56245 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab, but unclear if
           tested further. Only American origins, but has a Welsh surname.
           Williams # 3 & # 4 are very closely related. They share a common ancestor
           within 1000 yrs. with Walter # 2 (English), as well as Welshman Jones # 9, and also 2 Americans,
           Anderson & Bird # 1.
Jones # 8 T4N8F in Y-Search. N28952 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
           Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with Vizenor (France) and Jones # 5 (Wales).
Jones # 9  EYWRW in Y-Search. 49237 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
           Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with 5 men from Wales or with Welsh surnames,
           Roderick/Rytherich, Thomas # 1 & # 7, Williams # 3 & # 4 and 3 Americans, Bird, Anderson
           and Taylor # 4.
Coleman # 2 Apparently not in Y-Search. 62192 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
           He is closely related to Coleman # 1 (American) and Coleman # 2 (Welsh)

who list origins in Switzerland
Souders/Souder GKS7J in Y-Search. 19651 in G Project Confirmed as G by the lab, but unclear
           whether tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with several Boohers and
           Griffith.
Beery/Bieri  ABZX5 in Y-Search. 65968 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+)
         but unclear if tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Rufener (Swiss),
         Ruff (Swiss?) and Navoyski (American with assumed name).
Desmond/Timmon/Diemon UCJHU in Y-Search. N37299 in G Project. Confirmed by lab
         as G2a, but negative for G2a1 or G2a2. Results received too late to include on diagram above.
Rufener TZ2NJ in Y-Search. 48984 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab, but unclear if tested
         further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with 2 Swiss men, Botteron and Beery/Bieri and
         Wetzel (Germanic surname), Platt (German ancestry), Nyman/Fritsche, Mannshardt, King # 2 (Germans),
         Hauser (n.e.France/Switzerland), Steck (Austrian), Lewis # 3 and # 4 (Welsh or Welsh surname),
         Stuart (Scot), Hampshire (English) and 5 Americans, Key # 9, Clair, Nichols, Wright # 3 and Navoyski.
         [the latter surname is an assumed one.]
Hegie/Hegi JR6DU in Y-Search. 80004 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
Krider JR7ZU in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or confirmed as
         G. He is an exact match at 37 markers to Wilson # 2 (American). Krider's results located too late
         to include on the diagram above.

who list origins in Germany
Booher/Bucher/Beougher Multiple samples in Y-Search. They will not be listed here individually. Link here
            to see them all in Y-Search. Four are in G Project.   One man confimed by the lab as G2a but
            unclear whether tested further. They likely share the same ancestor within 1000 years with Souders
           (Swiss) and Robbins (American).
            Only one man of the group (Bucher) lists German origins. The rest know only American origins.
Tank EQBWX in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or confirmed as G.
           He shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with the American, Navoyski (an assumed name)
Hamman   DDSST in Y-Search. 19219 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab, but in an Internet
           posting he indicated he was G2.
Hammonds/Hamman 2JHVU in Y-Search. Apparently not in G project. Unclear whether confirmed
           or predicted as G.
           They share a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Americans French # 1 and # 2 and Navoyski.
           [The latter surname is an assumed one]
Hauser # 1 SSSAT in Y-Search. 5142 and 50670 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by the lab but
           unclear if tested further. The Hauser in Sorenson database also seems to be from this family.
Platt F8Y3F in Y-Search. 31605 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but unclear if tested
           further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with 2 Swiss men, Botteron and Rufener,
           Hauser (French or Swiss) and Short (English).
Nyman/Fritsche E7FHH in Y-Search. N41604 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
           He shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with Wetzel (Germanic surname) and
           Rufener (Swiss).
King # 2 MN65E in Y-Search. 36451 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+) but
           unclear if tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 years with Rufener (Swiss)
Mannshardt Apparently not in Y-Search. 26007 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
Beyerle M8N52 in Y-Search. B12938 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but
           negative for G2a1 or G2a2.
Stugart Apparently not in Y-Search. 54223 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G (M201+) but
           unclear if tested further. His nearest matches are Italian and German.
Dillman  This is a group of men in Y-Search with similar results. They will not be listed here
           individually, but link here to see the results in Y-Search. Most of these are in the G
           project, and one of them was confirmed G2a by the lab but negative for G2a1 or G2a2.
           Stillman below seems a variant of the Dillman surname. All closely related.
Stillman 445D8 in Y-Search. 2733 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a but unclear if tested
            further. Dillman just above seems a variant of the name. All closely related.
Trammell # 1  RNTBS in Y-Search. 69216 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
Smith # 14 Apparently not in Y-Search. N47647 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
             Results received too late to include in diagram above.
Kurtz XXNS7 in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether confimed or
             predicted as G. Results recived too late to include in diagram above.
Sholder/Scholderer FG8BX in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. unclear whether
             predicted or confirmed G. His results located too late to include in diagram above.

who list origins in Belgium and Holland
Delichte   SSQNC in Y-Search. N9779 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G (M201+) but
           unclear if tested further.   Belgian origins
Van Hemert BM42N in Y-Search. 41576 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G (M201+) but
           unclear if tested further. Dutch origins.
DeLong XZ57E in Y-Search. 20256 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a but unclear whether
            tested further. In Y-Search he lists Flanders as his origin, but France in G Project.
Devenyns/Devenin PY8PK in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Lists origins in Flanders.
            He is sample Y-130 in Garvey project - confirmed as G2a with U8 mutation, but not U1, U13, U16.
            Because he lacks the full 37 markers, it is possible he belongs to Group 2 of this clade, but
            available markers suggest Group 1 is more likely.

who list origins in France
Vizenor/Vesinat   D6WZD in Y-Search. 22285 in G Project.  Confirmed by the lab as G2a. Unclear
           whether tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Bailey (English) and
           Jones # 8 (Welsh)

who list origins in Austria
Steck 7WBWC in Y-Search. N11970 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but unclear if
tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 years with Rufener (Swiss), Nichols (English)
and 2 Americans, Robbins and Navoyski. [the latter is an assumed name]

who list origins in Czechoslovakia
Wenzel/Vencl NPN2K in Y-Search. 50918 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a but unclear if
tested further. He is a rare person in this clade whose 388 marker=12, but the other markers
clearly indicate he is part of the clade.

who list origins in Spain
Corti�as  A8PV8 in Y-Search. B11693 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but unclear if
              tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with Wetzel (Germanic surname),
              Massey (English) and an American, Nichols.
Gonzalez # 3 9JHXJ in Y-Search.   82996 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
              Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Americans Bird and Sparkman.
               Not shown on diagram above.

who list origins in Italy
Gherardi FGPPJ in Y-Search. N14144 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab but unclear if
            tested further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with Grifith.
Cisketti Apparently not in Y-Search. 77680 in G Project.  Only predicted as G. His nearest
               matches are German at present.
  There are six samples in the YHRD database from Italy that exactly match the typical
        marker values of this clade. The limited number of markers, however, makes them only borderline for
        inclusion in this clade. Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship. Three of the
        samples were taken in Lombardy in the northwest, another in Venice in the northeast, another
        in Liguria in the northwest and the final one in Latium in central Italy.

who list origins in Russia
There is one sample in the YHRD database taken at Digora, N. Ossetia that exactly matches the typical
marker values of this clade. The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for
inclusion in this clade. Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship.

who list origins in Poland
There are three samples in the YHRD database from Poland that exactly match the typical
        marker values of this clade. The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for
        inclusion in this clade. Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship. One sample was
        taken at Suwalki, another at Gdansk and another at Bialystok. The latter man had Byelorussian origins.

who list origins in Finland
There is one sample in the YHRD database from Finland that exactly matches the typical
marker values of this clade. The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for
inclusion in this clade. Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship.

who list origins in Romania
There are two samples in the YHRD database taken that exactly match the typical marker values of this clade.
        The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for inclusion in this clade.
        Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship.  One sample was taken in Lunca de Sus
        and the other in Miercurea Ciuc.

who list origins in Georgia
There are two samples in the YHRD database taken that exactly match the typical marker values of this clade.
The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for inclusion in this clade.
Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship.

who list origins in Iran
There is one sample in the YHRD database taken in Isfahan that exactly matches the typical marker values of this clade.
The limited number of markers, however, makes it only borderline for inclusion in this clade.
Additional markers needed to confirm the relationship.

who have unlisted or unknown origins in the Old World
Adkins 3FX78 in Y-Search. 50909 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
Alford Apparently not in Y-Search. 67777 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
Anderson 6GW6V in Y-Search. 35688 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+) but
               unclear if tested further.  Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with 2 Englishmen,
               Walter and Griffin, and 6 men with Welsh origins or Welsh surnames, Williams # 3 & # 4,
               Jones # 9, Thomas # 1 & # 7, and Roderick/Rytherich, as well as 2 Americans, Taylor # 4
               and Crow # 3.
Asbell # 1 HBXFH in Y-Search.. 32949 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
Asbell # 2 VDWXX in Y-Search. 26379 in G Project.  Only predicted as G by lab.
         The two Asbells are very closely related. They share a common ancestor within 1000 yrs.
         with Rogers.
Bacon rm7ee in Y-Search. 42545 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
Burton QYEPU in Y-Search. 48024 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction about G status.
               Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Russ (Swiss?), and Americans Navoyski
               and Carroll.
Carroll VZPZP in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or confirmed
               as G. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Ruff (Swiss?) and 2 Americans,
               Burton and Paul.
Clair N79MV in Y-Search. 81150 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a. Unclear whether
               tested further. Shares a common ancestor with Rufener (Swiss) within 1000 yrs.
Coleman # 1 Two men: 5U853 & F59G8 in Y-Search. 47016 & 48738 in G Project. They are
               exact matches at 37 markers. One man confirmed by lab as G2 but unclear if tested further.
               Very closely related to Coleman # 2 (Welsh) and Coleman # 3 (English)
          The Colemans are closely related.
Conley  PMR2P in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear if predicted or confirmed as G.
Cook # 2 G7YHT in Y-Search. 10399 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
Cooper # 2  BGGKV in Y-Search. 4784 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but unclear if
               tested further.
Cooper # 1 ZYTJ5 in Y-Search. 4969 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
           The Coopers are very close genetically. They share a common ancestor within 1000 yrs
           with Cook/Koch (German), and 2 Englishmen, Massey and Manning, and an American,
           Navoyski (an assumed name). French # 8 SFVM2 in Y-Search.  57209 in G Project.
Corban FHEQK in Y-Search. 76227 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
Eddy # 1 Apparently not in Y-Search. 72716 in G Project.  Confirmed as G (M201+) but
               unclear if tested further.
Eddy # 2 Apparently not in Y-Search. 72717 in G Project.  Confirmed as G (M201+) but
               unclear if tested further.
Eddy # 3 SVAG7 in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
               confirmed as G. Results available too late to include on diagram above.
        All the Eddys match exactly for the 12 markers they share.
French # 1 SFVM2 in Y-Search. Perhaps 57209 in G Project who is only predicted G.
                However, the sample in Y-Search has unknown origins and in G Irish origins are
                 indicated. And the G Project sample has more markers.
French # 2 YE8XZ in Y-Search.  Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
              confirmed as G.
          The Frenchs are closely related. They share a common ancestor within 1000 years with
          Hamman (German), Howard (English) and Ruff (Swiss?).
Garbutt PGE2M in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
                confirmed as G. Is relatively close genetically to Shannon/Havener.
Goff 84QQ4 in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or confirmed
                as G.
Gordon # 2 M9BQM in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
               confirmed as G. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs. with Hensley, an American.
Greever Apparently not in Y-Search. 67844 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
Griffith U7WUF in Y-Search. N19404 and 87680 in G Project are the same. Only predicted as
              G. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 years with Souders (Swiss) and Gherardi (Italian)
Hensley HR6AM in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or
               confirmed as G.
Jackson Apparently not in Y-Search. 67161 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
               Is very close genetically to Smith # 3.
Knowles 5WX9P in Y-Search. 53816 in G Project. Only predicted as G.
               Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Wetzel (Germanic surname), Ruff (Swiss),
               and an American, Navoyski.
Kung [adopted surname] X677K in Y-Search. N42576 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as
               G2a but unclear if tested further.
Mills # 3 P4WST in Y-Search.  Apparently not in G Project. This surname is normally a Welsh one.
              Unclear if predicted or confirmed as G.
Mills # 2 QDPD6 in Y-Search.
              The 2 Millses here are closely related. Mills # 3 shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs
              with Steeley.
Mulkey B98E6 in Y-Search. 13367 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G2a, but negative
               for G2a1 or G2a2. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Kincaid # 2 (Irish).
               Mulkey is an Irish surname.
Paul # 1 2NDU6 in Y-Search. 37878 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but negative for
               G2a1 or G2a2.
Paul # 2  GADZ8 in Y-Search. 48314 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but unclear if tested
                further.
      The Pauls are closely related. They share a common ancestor within 500 yrs with Carroll,
       another American.
Plummer # 1 RCDET in Y-Search. 79380 in G Project. Only the G Project displays all
               37 markers. Lab makes no prediction as to G status. His first 12 markers exactly match
              Miller # 1 and Seabaugh, but more markers needed to determine a relationship.
Robbins V7DTC in Y-Search. 24430 in G Project. Only predicted as G.   He likely shares the
            same ancestor within 1000 years with Ruff (Switzerland?), Haesenne (Holland), Steck (Austria)
              Booher # 3/Bucher (Germany) and 3 men with American origins, Navoyski, Steeley and Nichols.
              This suggests the common ancestor was in central Europe in the early Middle Ages.
Robinson WZEA5 in Y-Search. N38720 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a, but unclear if tested
               further. Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with Kincaid # 2 (Irish) and Belk (English)
Rogers RFKFD in Y-Search. 70891 in G project. Confirmed by the lab as G but unclear if
               tested further. He shares a common ancestor with the Asbells within 1000 yrs.
Shannon/Havener XQHB7 in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether confirmed
               or predicted as G.   Is relatively close genetically to Garbutt.
Shroll RZSAV in Y-Search. Apparently not in G Project. Unclear whether predicted or confirned
              as G. Results available too late to include in diagram above.
Smith # 3 W87UX in Y-Search. N22420 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but unclear if tested
               further. He is very close genetically to Jackson. In G Project listed as English, but lists
               only Canadians in Y-Search.
Sparkman # 2  AQE3Q in Y-Search.  72202 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
Sparkman # 1 TGV6T in Y-Search. Unclear whether predicted or confirmed as G.
               Sparkman # 1 matches #2's first 25 markers. They share a common ancestor within 1000
               yrs. with Wetzel (Germanic surname), Massey (English), Stacy # 1 (Irish) and Gonzalez # 3
               (Spanish).
Stover M9FTJ in Y-Search. 33276 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G (M201+) but unclear if
               tested further.
Taylor # 4 7YWUD in Y-Search. 70706 in G Project. Only predicted as G by lab.
               Shares a common ancestor within 1000 yrs with an American, Anderson, as well as
               6 men from Wales or having Welsh surnames, Roderick/Rytherich, Jones # 9, and
               Williams # 3, # 4, # 6, # 7.
Watson This is a group of persons in Y-Search who are closely related. They will not be listed here
               separately, but link here to see the 4 in Y-Search. The one in G Project is 55420, and
               is only predicted G. There are G Watsons who are not part of this group.
Wiley H7ADS in Y-Search. 54795 in G Project. Confirmed by lab as G2a but unclear if
               tested further. His results received too late to include on diagram above.
Wilson # 2 K68XS in Y-Search. 63174 in G Project. Lab makes no prediction as to G status.
               His 37 markers exactly match Krider (Swiss). Wilson # 2 not shown on diagram above
               by omission.
Wood QXD8X in Y-Search. 8606 in G Project. Confirmed as G2a by lab but unclear if tested further.
Wright # 3 HR9Q3 in Y-Search. 15524 in G Project. Confirmed by the lab as G (M201+)
               but not G1, G2a, G2b. He shares a common ancester within 1000 yrs with
               Rufener (Swiss). The lab results here are nonsensical as he is surely G2a.