                                       Haplogroup G Project
                               DNA Results and Groupings
                                              G2a3a groups (cont.)

The M406 mutation that characterizes G2a3a persons is found in about 5% of the population of Turkey.
Likely this is the country with the most men with the M406 mutation. Yet we have only a few
samples here from Turkey. That Turkey has the most G2a3a persons does not mean that this country is
where the ancient ancestor who developed this mutation once lived, but it raises suspicion that many of those
today in other parts of the world once had an ancestor who once lived in today's Turkey.

For information on what is known of the origins of this grouping here and migrations and time
relationships to other G groupings link to the migration-time page .

The most characteristic value for most G2a3a men is 21 for marker DYS390. This value is not unique to
G2a3a men, but its presence should raise a red flag that the person may be G2a3a. Some G2a3 men have
other values for this marker. All of the marker values must be taken into consideration in determining
whether a sample falls within the group of G2a3a samples. We have used special DNA software (Fluxus)
to produce phylogenetic diagrams using 67-marker samples. Using 67 markers, these diagrams, which give
extra weight to the slower-mutating markers, have been relatively successful in showing correct relationships.
The software indicates there is very little clustering within the area of the diagram where G2a3a men are shown.
The long age of the M406 mutation means that the men possessing this mutation have developed significant
marker value differences. If a large number of samples from Turkey were available, the diagram would likely
show multiple clusters. Presently the diagram is a series of branches, with just a few of the men close enough
genetically to show some clustering.

Unlike in a number of other haplo G groupings, we are unable to show but a few cluster groups and have instead
organized the men by the separate branches created by the software. Even on the same branch, the samples available
may not be particularly close genetically. Branch # 8 has the closest clustering of men from diverse geographical
areas.

Persons who are G2a3a are confirmed as such by special SNP testing. Persons who are G will all be
positive for the M201 SNP. In addition, those positive for P287 are G2, and those also positive for P15 are G2a.
The P287 SNP is a rather recently identified SNP, and most of our samples were not tested for it. However,
anyone who is P15+ will necessarily be P287+.   There are two further tests to bring the subcategorization
down to G2a3a. First, the men here will be positive for U8 or S126 or L30 (G2a3). Only a few men have been found
positive for this because it just recently became available in commercial labs. Finally, the men here will be
M406+. This is the SNP specific for G2a3a. Anyone who is M406+ will necessarily be positive for all the
other SNPs mentioned above. A subcategory of G2a3a also was recently identified. Anyone who is positive for
U16 or L14 or S130 or S133 will belong to this subcategory. As of this writing only two M406 men have been found
negative for this and one positive. Those suspected to be positive for the G2a3a subgroup are listed on a separate
page.

Several marker values from research studies are shown below in italics. These markers were not tested, but
the italicized presumed values entered are either highly predictable or found in all G persons. The research study
mentioned below is the study by Cinnioglu et al. Research Study2 is S.M. Adams et al., "The Genetic
Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews and Muslims in the Iberian
Peninsula," American Journal of Human Genetics, Dec 2008, vol 83(6), pp 725-36.   Research Study3 is
Pierre Zalloua et al., "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Events " American Journal
of Human Genetics, 2008, vol 82(4), pp 873-82. Research Study4 is Zalloua, Pierre A. et al.,
"Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean," American
Journal of Human Genetics, 2008, vol 83(5), pp 633-42. Research Study5 is Alshamali, F., "Local
Population Structures in Arabian Peninsula Revealed by Y-STR Diversity," Human Heredity, 2009, vol 65(1),
pp 44-54. If the DYS426 value is in italics, it is only predicted. Virtually all G persons have a value of 11 for
DYS426.

The YHRD database is a public database of samples collected from around the world as submitted by scientists.

It should be noted that Lindsay's posted value of 6 for marker DYS452 comes from an outdated calibration system
and should be ignored.

Recommended additional deep ancestry testing for men here with the interest and funds for this:

Because there is such a diversity of samples within the M406+ group, upgrades to Family Tree DNA's 67
markers are always very useful in determining proper relationships and for time calculations to common ancestors.
In many cases having 67 markers available may be as useful as having SNP testing because M406+ men cluster
on a distinct separate branch in the phylogenetic network diagram.
For deep ancestry purposes, only one person within a surname project needs the full 67 markers. Additional testing
within surname projects might be indicated for more recent comparisons.

At Family Tree DNA for those tested there, in the haplotree section of a G2a3a person's results page is listed
also a deep clade SNP test to order.  For many persons on this page having more than 12 markers, this testing
is not really needed to confirm the G2a3a status. Those with DYS390=21 seem more safely M406+, as are those
with 25 or more markers who are very close in marker values to someone confirmed M406+.

However, the deep clade testing is essential to identify which persons belong to the additional subgroup G2a3a1
(characterized by being positive for L14). We currently cannot predict who will or will not be L14+. Only a few persons
so far have tested for L14. In those "branches" below where a man is confirmed negative for L14, there is no guarantee
that others included on that branch are similarly L14- but it is more likely this is the case. L14 only recently became
available. In situations where a person was previously found M406+, the deep clade section on the results page will now
offer an "extended" deep clade test consisting only of L14.

Results
The *** symbol indicates at least one man
in branch is negative for the subgroup G2a3a1

Branch # 9***

Marker designations in blue

Kit No. Surname Ancestral.origin Haplo
Code YSearch
Link 393 390 19
(394) 391 385
a 385
b 426 388 439 389
i 392 389
ii 458 459
a 459
b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464
a 464
b 464
c 464
d 464
e 464
f 460 GATA
H4 YCA
IIa YCA
IIb 456 607 576 570 CDY
a CDY
b 442 438 531 578 395
S1a 395
S1b 590 537 641 472 406
S1 511 425 413
a 413
b 557 594 436 490 534 450 444 481 520 446 617 568 487 572 640 492 565 441 461 463 445 452 YGATA
A10 YGATA
H4.1 462 GGAAT
1807 635

YHRDsample Lyon France X 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 11 13 11 29 10
YHRDsample SaoPaulo Brazil 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 11 13 11 29 10
YHRDsample Pyrennes Spain 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 13 11 29 10
2YHRDsamples BuenosAiresArgen 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 13 11 29 10
YHRDsample AguascalientesMex 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 11 13 11 29 16 10
YHRDsample MendozaArgentina 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 13 11 29 16 10
YHRDsample Ahvaz Iran 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 13 11 29 13 16 22 11 10
N4549 Deleon* GENL 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 11 13 11 29 16 10 21
58360 de Leon Portugal X M8N6Y 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 11 13 11 29 16 9 9 11 11 23 15 22 27 12 13 14 14
Al Shareif SaudiArabia ? AT5U9 15 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 11 13 11 29 16 9 9 11 11 24 16 22 29 12 13 14 14
ResearchStudy3* Lebanon(Sunni) GENL 15 21 15 10 12 12 13 11 29 10
83142 Schintz Switzerland ALL RHYQU 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 13 12 11 29 17 9 9 11 11 23 16 23 34 12 14 14 14 9 11 19 20 15 13 15 18 37 39 11 9 11 9 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 11 15 22 22 16 10 12 12 13 8 13 22 20 15 13 11 13 11 11 11 12
82502 Bartee LincolnshireEngl PART AYQV9 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 12 12 11 29 18 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 29 12 14 14 14 10 10 19 19 16 14 17 17 33 38 11 10 11 8 16 16 8 11 10 8 10 10 13 21 22 15 10 12 12 14 8 13 21 20 17 13 11 13 10 11 11 11
6 YHRD samples* Iraq (Kurds) X 14 21 15 10 13 15 11 12 12 11 29
ResearchStudy5* Dubai X 15 21 14 10 13 15 11 12 13 11 29
Al-Muhajir Yemen ? HJCQ8 15 21 14 10 13 15 11 12 12 13 11 29 16 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 31 12 13 14 14
N20968 Freeman YorkshireEngl MUCH QJH3V 14 21 15 11 13 16 11 12 12 12 11 29 16 9 9 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 14 14 14 9 10 19 20 17 14 15 18 35 36 12 10 11 9 16 16 8 11 10 8 12 11 14 22 24 16 10 12 12 13 8 13 21 20 17 13 11 13 10 11 11 12
N20770 Dankowych Ukraine PART 14 21 15 11 13 16 11 12 12 12 11 29 16 9 9 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 14 14 14 9 9 19 20 16 14 15 19 33 39 12 10 11 9 16 16 8 11 10 8 11 11 14 22 24 17 10 12 12 13 8 14 21 20 16 13 11 13 10 11 11 12
N15004 ......Boutz/Bautz...... Germany MOST G3VA5 14 21 14 10 13 16 11 12 11 12 11 30 16 9 9 11 11 23 16 21 28 12 13 13 14 10 10 19 21 16 14 16 17 34 36 11 10 11 8 15 16 8 10 10 8 -- 11 14 21 22 16 10 12 12 14 8 13 22 20 18 13 11 13 10 11 11 11
YHRDsample BuenosAiresArgent X 14 21 15 10 13 16 11 11 12 11 28 10
N59706 Robinson NewYorkUSA GENL XVKPS 14 21 15 11 13 17 11 12 11 12 11 30 17 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 27 12 14 14 14 10 10 19 20 15 14 15 17 31 38 11 10 11 8 16 16 8 11 10 8 10 11 14 22 22 15 10 12 12 14 8 12 21 20 16 12 11 13 10 11 11 11
99603 Sariyar Turkey PART 8P3K6 14 21 15 11 13 17 11 12 11 12 11 27 17 8 9 11 11 23 16 22 28 12 13 14 14
Wallis ? J98GV 14 21 15 10 13 16 11 12 12 12 11 29 17 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 28 12 13 13 14 10 10 19 20 15 14 17 17 33 38 11 10
88017 Smith OhioUSA X VEVBM 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 29 18 9 9 11 11 24 16 23 33 12 14 14 14 10 10 19 20 15 15 16 18 35 36 11 10 11 9 15 16 8 12 10 8 11 11 14 22 22 17 10 12 12 13 8 14 22 20 15 13 11 13 10 11 11 12
78484 Smith TennesseeUSA GENL VNMJ3 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 29 18 9 9 11 11 23 16 23 33 12 14 14 14 10 10 19 20 15 15 15 18 34 36 11 10
127248 Smith PennsylvaniaUSA PART 744MC 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 29 18 9 9 11 11 24 16 22 32 12 14 14 14 10 10 19 20 15 15 16 18 34 36 11 10
Smith NCarolinaUSA ? A6V6S 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 29
N21133 Smith X 14 21 15 10 13 14 11 12 11 12 11 28
160677 Henderson Scotland X Y7BRH 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 30
159633 Corona X 14 21 15 10 13 14 11 12 11 12 11 28 16 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 29 13 13 14 14 9 10 19 20 15 14 16 20 36 36 11 10
123827 Jones WViriginiaUSA X 5CX78 14 21 15 10 13 14 11 12 11 12 11 28 17 9 9 11 11 23 16 23 27 12 13 14 14 10 10 19 20 16 14 17 18 33 37 12 10
Jumper* Germany ? 879KQ 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 11 12 11 29
YHRD sample* Puglia Italy X 14 21 15 10 13 13 11 12 12 11 29
Research study4*
3 samples Syria GENL 14 21 15 10 11 12 12 12 11 29 10
Research study4*
3 samples Cyprus GENL 14 21 15 10 11 12 11 12 11 29 10
Research study* Turkey PART 14 21 15 10 11 12 11 12 11 29

Branch # 10***
Marker designations in blue

Kit No. Surname Ancestral.origin Haplo
Code YSearch
Link 393 390 19
(394) 391 385
a 385
b 426 388 439 389
i 392 389
ii 458 459
a 459
b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464
a 464
b 464
c 464
d 464
e 464
f 460 GATA
H4 YCA
IIa YCA
IIb 456 607 576 570 CDY
a CDY
b 442 438 531 578 395
S1a 395
S1b 590 537 641 472 406
S1 511 425 413
a 413
b 557 594 436 490 534 450 444 481 520 446 617 568 487 572 640 492 565 441 461 463 445 452 YGATA
A10 YGATA
H4.1 462 GGAAT
1807 635

N12289 Wiggin* GENL N6K43 15 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30
N46704 Degon France GENL 15 21 14 10 12 13 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 24 28 12 13 13 14 11 10 19 20 15 15 20 19 34 35 12 10 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 10 14 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 14 21 19 16 13 11 15 10 11 11 12
14781 French SuffolkEngl PART zdarm 15 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 13 13 14 11 10 19 20 15 15 19 19 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 10 14 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 13 21 19 16 13 11 14 10 11 13 12
12684 French MassachusettsUSA X DBY3D 14 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 13 13 14
148241 French MOST M7KMT 14 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 13 13 14 11 10 19 20 15 15 19 19 34 37 12 10 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 10 14 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 13 21 19 15 13 11 14 10 11 11 12
13919 French MassachusettsUSA PART DN3SE 15 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 23 29 12 13 13 14 11 10 19 20 15 15 20 20 33 37 12 10 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 10 14 23 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 13 21 19 16 13 11 14 10 11 13 12
104393 French X 15 21 14 10 12 14 11 12 11 13 11 30 17 9 10 11 11 23 16 22 29 12 13 13 14
YHRDsample Peru X 15 21 15 10 12 14 11 11 13 11 30 16 11
86864 Anonymous Jordan ? CSMEN 14 21 15 11 14 14 11 12 11 14 11 31 17 9 9 11 11 23 16 22 29 12 12 13 14 11 10 19 20 16 14 16 18 34 36 12 10 11 8 15 16 8 11 10 8 11 10 14 22 23 16 10 12 12 14 8 12 22 19 14 14 11 15 10 11 11 12
YHRDsample Guinea Bissau X 14 21 15 10 14 14 11 12 14 11 31 10
Research study4* Palestine GENL 14 21 13 11 11 12 11 14 11 31 10

Kit No.	Surname	Ancestral.origin	Haplo Code	YSearch Link	393	390	19 (394)	391	385 a	385 b	426	388	439	389 i	392	389 ii	458	459 a	459 b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464 a	464 b	464 c	464 d	464 e	464 f	460	GATA H4	YCA IIa	YCA IIb	456	607	576	570	CDY a	CDY b	442	438	531	578	395 S1a	395 S1b	590	537	641	472	406 S1	511	425	413 a	413 b	557	594	436	490	534	450	444	481	520	446	617	568	487	572	640	492	565	441	461	463	445	452	YGATA A10	YGATA H4.1	462	GGAAT 1807	635
	YHRDsample	Lyon France	X		14	21	15	10	13	15	11		11	13	11	29																											10
	YHRDsample	SaoPaulo Brazil			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		11	13	11	29																											10
	YHRDsample	Pyrennes Spain			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		12	13	11	29																											10
	2YHRDsamples	BuenosAiresArgen			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		12	13	11	29																											10
	YHRDsample	AguascalientesMex			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		11	13	11	29							16																				10
	YHRDsample	MendozaArgentina			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		12	13	11	29							16																				10
	YHRDsample	Ahvaz Iran			14	21	15	10	13	15	11		12	13	11	29	13						16	22									11										10
N4549	Deleon*		GENL		14	21	15	10	13	15	11	12	11	13	11	29																				16							10																																								21
58360	de Leon	Portugal	X	M8N6Y	14	21	15	10	13	15	11	12	11	13	11	29	16	9	9	11	11	23	15	22	27	12	13	14	14
	Al Shareif	SaudiArabia	?	AT5U9	15	21	15	10	13	15	11	12	11	13	11	29	16	9	9	11	11	24	16	22	29	12	13	14	14
	ResearchStudy3*	Lebanon(Sunni)	GENL		15	21	15	10				12	12	13	11	29																											10
83142	Schintz	Switzerland	ALL	RHYQU	14	21	15	10	13	15	11	12	13	12	11	29	17	9	9	11	11	23	16	23	34	12	14	14	14			9	11	19	20	15	13	15	18	37	39	11	9	11	9	15	16	8	11	10	8	11	11	15	22	22	16	10	12	12	13	8	13	22	20	15	13	11	13	11	11	11	12
82502	Bartee	LincolnshireEngl	PART	AYQV9	14	21	15	10	13	15	11	12	12	12	11	29	18	9	9	11	11	23	16	22	29	12	14	14	14			10	10	19	19	16	14	17	17	33	38	11	10	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	10	10	13	21	22	15	10	12	12	14	8	13	21	20	17	13	11	13	10	11	11	11
	6 YHRD samples*	Iraq (Kurds)	X		14	21	15	10	13	15	11	12		12	11	29
	ResearchStudy5*	Dubai	X		15	21	14	10	13	15	11		12	13	11	29
	Al-Muhajir	Yemen	?	HJCQ8	15	21	14	10	13	15	11	12	12	13	11	29	16	9	9	11	11	23	16	22	31	12	13	14	14
N20968	Freeman	YorkshireEngl	MUCH	QJH3V	14	21	15	11	13	16	11	12	12	12	11	29	16	9	9	11	11	23	16	23	29	12	14	14	14			9	10	19	20	17	14	15	18	35	36	12	10	11	9	16	16	8	11	10	8	12	11	14	22	24	16	10	12	12	13	8	13	21	20	17	13	11	13	10	11	11	12
N20770	Dankowych	Ukraine	PART		14	21	15	11	13	16	11	12	12	12	11	29	16	9	9	11	11	23	16	23	29	12	14	14	14			9	9	19	20	16	14	15	19	33	39	12	10	11	9	16	16	8	11	10	8	11	11	14	22	24	17	10	12	12	13	8	14	21	20	16	13	11	13	10	11	11	12
N15004	......Boutz/Bautz......	Germany	MOST	G3VA5	14	21	14	10	13	16	11	12	11	12	11	30	16	9	9	11	11	23	16	21	28	12	13	13	14			10	10	19	21	16	14	16	17	34	36	11	10	11	8	15	16	8	10	10	8	--	11	14	21	22	16	10	12	12	14	8	13	22	20	18	13	11	13	10	11	11	11
	YHRDsample	BuenosAiresArgent	X		14	21	15	10	13	16	11		11	12	11	28																											10
N59706	Robinson	NewYorkUSA	GENL	XVKPS	14	21	15	11	13	17	11	12	11	12	11	30	17	9	9	11	11	23	16	22	27	12	14	14	14			10	10	19	20	15	14	15	17	31	38	11	10	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	10	11	14	22	22	15	10	12	12	14	8	12	21	20	16	12	11	13	10	11	11	11
99603	Sariyar	Turkey	PART	8P3K6	14	21	15	11	13	17	11	12	11	12	11	27	17	8	9	11	11	23	16	22	28	12	13	14	14
	Wallis		?	J98GV	14	21	15	10	13	16	11	12	12	12	11	29	17	9	9	11	11	23	16	22	28	12	13	13	14			10	10	19	20	15	14	17	17	33	38	11	10
88017	Smith	OhioUSA	X	VEVBM	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	29	18	9	9	11	11	24	16	23	33	12	14	14	14			10	10	19	20	15	15	16	18	35	36	11	10	11	9	15	16	8	12	10	8	11	11	14	22	22	17	10	12	12	13	8	14	22	20	15	13	11	13	10	11	11	12
78484	Smith	TennesseeUSA	GENL	VNMJ3	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	29	18	9	9	11	11	23	16	23	33	12	14	14	14			10	10	19	20	15	15	15	18	34	36	11	10
127248	Smith	PennsylvaniaUSA	PART	744MC	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	29	18	9	9	11	11	24	16	22	32	12	14	14	14			10	10	19	20	15	15	16	18	34	36	11	10
	Smith	NCarolinaUSA	?	A6V6S	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	29
N21133	Smith		X		14	21	15	10	13	14	11	12	11	12	11	28
160677	Henderson	Scotland	X	Y7BRH	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	30
159633	Corona		X		14	21	15	10	13	14	11	12	11	12	11	28	16	9	9	11	11	23	16	22	29	13	13	14	14			9	10	19	20	15	14	16	20	36	36	11	10
123827	Jones	WViriginiaUSA	X	5CX78	14	21	15	10	13	14	11	12	11	12	11	28	17	9	9	11	11	23	16	23	27	12	13	14	14			10	10	19	20	16	14	17	18	33	37	12	10
	Jumper*	Germany	?	879KQ	14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12	11	12	11	29
	YHRD sample*	Puglia Italy	X		14	21	15	10	13	13	11	12		12	11	29
	Research study4* 3 samples	Syria	GENL		14	21	15	10			11	12	12	12	11	29																											10
	Research study4* 3 samples	Cyprus	GENL		14	21	15	10			11	12	11	12	11	29																											10
	Research study*	Turkey	PART		14	21	15	10			11	12	11	12	11	29