Haplogroup G Project
DNA Results and
Groupings
G2a1a persons with the most diverse
origins
The most characteristic value for
G2a1a men is 10 for marker DYS392. So far all known G2a1a persons
have theis value. In available samples, G2a1a men account for most of
the G persons with
a value of 10 for DYS392. So the finding alone
cannot predict who is G2a1a, but the presence of a value of 10
should raise a
red flag. Of lesser importance, all known G2a1a persons also have a value
of 12 at marker
DYS425, a slowly mutating marker that has some
variability. In addition, researcher Thomas Krahn has
suggested
that marker DYF411 may have some value in identifying G2a1a persons.
DYS392 is available
in the basic marker panel offered by most genealogy DNA
labs. DYS 425 is a little more difficult to obtain, but most
of the
samples available to us with this value are in markers 38-67 of a panel of tests
offered by Family Tree DNA.
Marker DYF411 is a special order item, and not
enough data are currently available to offer any useful
information about
it.
Some G2a1a persons can share some oddities of interest in some marker
values if they have a relatively close
genetic distance. Or they
may share quite similar marker values.
A close
genetic distance will be exemplified in relatively few marker value mismatches
between two compared
samples. In addition, we have used special DNA
software (Fluxus) to produce phylogenetic diagrams using
67-marker
samples. Using 67 markers, these diagrams, which give extra weight to
the slower-
mutating markers, have been relatively successful in showing
correct relationships. The clustering of men on the
diagrams
because of closer relationships allows us to identify persons who are likely
G2a1a but lack special
testing for G2a1a. The diagrams also suggest who
should compose a subgroup due to their clustered presence
on a distinct separate branch on the diagram. The men
here with 67 markers appear on the same branch in the diagram.
Persons who are G2a1a are confirmed as such by special SNP
testing. Persons who are G will all be
positive for the M201 SNP.
In addition, those positive for P287 are G2, and those also positive for P15 are
G2a.
The P287 SNP is a rather recently identified SNP, and most of our
samples were not tested for it. However,
anyone who is P15+ will
necessarily be P287+. There are two further tests to bring the
subcategorization
down to G2a1a. First P16+ indicates G2a1, and P18+
indicates G2a1a. However, the testing history of
P16 and P18 have been
rather stormy and murky. It is my opinion that all the men on this page
are G2a1a
though some have had results which showed P16+ but negative for
P18. And one G2a1a man was found
negative for P18 at one lab,
but positive for it at another lab. Another who seems to have similar
marker values
to the men on this page was found negative for P16.
In
2007, researcher Thomas Krahn announced some problems with the SNPs themselves
that may cause persons
who should be positive to lack the changes
on the DNA that would be expected.
http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2007-07/1185576938
For a time Family Tree
DNA removed P16 and P18 from its available tests. But apparently
Krahn was not
able to persuade other labs to follow suit, and the tests were
restored. A SNP should have as a
characteristic an inability to
be lost, but Krahn's research indicates P16 and P18 are located on a part
of
the chromosome where changes can occur. Despite the deficiencies of P16
and P18 testing, those men
who are found positive for them provide valuable
information.
The reason the men here are all considered G2a1a even if --
in a few cases -- they were found negative for
P18 relates to the
fact that logically they should be P18+. They are close enough
genetically to proven P18+ persons
based on marker values that the SNP
results should show P18+. With more samples, it can be better determined
whether all these men are G2a1a (P18+) or whether instead there
truly are men who are just P16+.
Most men here do share
some marker values, such as the value of 15 for DYS385a, but one needs to see
the
full set of marker values to establish some
likelihood that they are relatively closely related. On the charts below,
marker oddities or changes in slower-mutating markers are shown with a highlighted light blue
background.
For information on what is known of the origins of this
grouping here and migrations and time
relationships to other G groupings link to the
migration-time page.
Several marker values from research studies are
shown below in italics. These markers were not tested, but
the
italizicized presumed values entered are either highly predictable or found
in all G persons. The research study
mentioned below is the study by
Cinnioglu et al. In the Sorenson DNA databases are
samples under the surnames
of Vargas, Garcia and Erpel which are consistent
with the results of the men on this page. Research Study # 2
is Mirvat
El Sibai et al., "Geographical Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape
of the Levant: A
Coastal Inland Contrast," Annals of Human Genetics
, 2009. The sample listed here is not from the Levant.
The YHRD database is a public database of
samples collected from around the world as submitted by
scientists.
Italicized marker values are only predicted, but are highly
predictable.
Recommended additional deep ancestry
testing for men here with the interest and funds for
this:
Because there are so few G2a1a
samples, upgrade to Family Tree DNA's 67 markers is always very useful
in
determining proper relationships and for time calculations to common
ancestors. For deep ancestry purposes
only one person within a surname
project needs the full 67 markers. Additional testing within surname
projects
might be indicated for more recent comparisons.
At Family Tree DNA for those tested there, in the haplotree section of a G2a1a
person's results page is listed
also a deep clade SNP test to
order if he has not already been confirmed as G2a1 or
G2a1a. Until more men
below have SNP testing, it is not
possible to suggest SNP testing is unneeded. However, if one has 25
or
more markers tested and one's marker values are very close to someone
already tested, it is likely the SNP
test will be (or should be) exactly the
same.
Results
|
|
Kit No. |
Surname |
Ancestral.origin |
Haplo
Code |
YSearch
Link |
393 |
390 |
19
(394) |
391 |
385
a |
385
b |
426 |
388 |
439 |
389
i |
392 |
389
ii |
458 |
459
a |
459
b |
455 |
454 |
447 |
437 |
448 |
449 |
464
a |
464
b |
464
c |
464
d |
464
e |
464
f |
460 |
GATA
H4 |
YCA
IIa |
YCA
IIb |
456 |
607 |
576 |
570 |
CDY
a |
CDY
b |
442 |
438 |
531 |
578 |
395
S1a |
395
S1b |
590 |
537 |
641 |
472 |
406
S1 |
511 |
425 |
413
a |
413
b |
557 |
594 |
436 |
490 |
534 |
450 |
444 |
481 |
520 |
446 |
617 |
568 |
487 |
572 |
640 |
492 |
565 |
441 |
461 |
463 |
445 |
452 |
YGATA
A10 |
YGATA
H4.1 |
462 |
GGAAT
1807 |
635 |
|
|
|
YHRDsample* |
HrodnaBelarus |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
28 |
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1 YHRD
sample |
Kabardinians
s.w.
Russia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
28 |
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YHRDsample* |
SmarhonBelarus |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
28 |
|
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16 |
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11 |
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10 |
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Berkhoff* |
Netherlands |
? |
EVAC3 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
28 |
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94414 |
Hilbert |
France |
X |
DRFPT |
14 |
22 |
15 |
11 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
31 |
16 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
15 |
21 |
31 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
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Yarush |
Lithuania |
? |
ENQW7
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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YHRDsample* |
AtlanticoColombia |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
18 |
|
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|
16 |
21 |
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11 |
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14 |
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10 |
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21 |
|
|
3 YHRD
samples |
Kabardinians
s.w.
Russia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
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YHRDsample* |
N.Greece |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
17 |
|
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16 |
21 |
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11 |
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15 |
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10 |
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21 |
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YHRDsample* |
Orel s.w.Russia |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
16 |
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16 |
21 |
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11 |
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14 |
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10 |
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21 |
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|
YHRDsample* |
HispanicAmerican |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
18 |
|
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16 |
21 |
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11 |
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14 |
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10 |
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21 |
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|
YHRDsample* |
Iraqi Kurd |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
2\9 |
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2 YHRD
samples |
Georgia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
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264 |
Cavaliero* |
Spain |
GENL |
83NMK |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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Abir* |
Turkey |
? |
C2VHY |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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55528 |
Ben-Abir* |
Turkey |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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Cabaliero* |
Turkey |
? |
ZACYR |
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
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63874 |
Spatafore |
Italy |
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
14 |
21 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
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93306 |
Malka* |
Morocco |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
17 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
16 |
21 |
30 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
11 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
18 |
35 |
37 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
16 |
16 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
10 |
12 |
22 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
12 |
10 |
16 |
8 |
12 |
22 |
21 |
16 |
13 |
11 |
15 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
|
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131783 |
Malca |
|
|
|
14 |
23 |
17 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
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137457 |
Reid |
|
X |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
14 |
21 |
30 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
11 |
20 |
21 |
15 |
14 |
19 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
11 |
11 |
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|
72253 |
Alvarez |
Spain |
GENL |
MKPQA |
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
19 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
21 |
29 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
35 |
39 |
11 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2
YHRD
samples* |
Costa Rica |
X |
|
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
|
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
116485 |
Wright* |
VirginiaUSA |
FULL |
WUEXC |
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
29 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
13 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15 |
16 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
9 |
13 |
21 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
16 |
8 |
13 |
21 |
23 |
17 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N45012 |
Neves* |
Portugal |
GENL |
|
13 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
10 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
19841 |
Perry/Perri |
Italy |
GENL |
|
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
101151 |
Price |
|
X |
|
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
29 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
8 |
15 |
16 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
9 |
13 |
21 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
16 |
8 |
13 |
21 |
23 |
17 |
13 |
11 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N19650 |
Cardullo |
SicilyItaly |
PART |
KYG9S |
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
15 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
26 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
13 |
15 |
15 |
19 |
34 |
40 |
12 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55530 |
Cardullo |
Italy |
X |
GE63Y |
13 |
22 |
14 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
15 |
9 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
16 |
20 |
26 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
|
|
10 |
10 |
20 |
21 |
13 |
15 |
15 |
19 |
35 |
40 |
12 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Research
Study2 |
Iran |
GENL |
|
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
172420 |
Tchakedjian* |
Turkey(Armenian) |
X |
H2TW3 |
13 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
11 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
42379 |
Canales |
Mexico |
FULL |
VTK6M |
14 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
Canales |
Mexico |
? |
ZW8M2 |
14 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| 1.
Diverse G2a1a men who are not closely related but have many
similarities
Marker designations in blue
|
| Kit No. |
Surname |
Ancestral.origin |
Haplo
Code |
YSearch
Link |
393 |
390 |
19
(394) |
391 |
385
a |
385
b |
426 |
388 |
439 |
389
i |
392 |
389
ii |
458 |
459
a |
459
b |
455 |
454 |
447 |
437 |
448 |
449 |
464
a |
464
b |
464
c |
464
d |
464
e |
464
f |
460 |
GATA
H4 |
YCA
IIa |
YCA
IIb |
456 |
607 |
576 |
570 |
CDY
a |
CDY
b |
442 |
438 |
531 |
578 |
395
S1a |
395
S1b |
590 |
537 |
641 |
472 |
406
S1 |
511 |
425 |
413
a |
413
b |
557 |
594 |
436 |
490 |
534 |
450 |
444 |
481 |
520 |
446 |
617 |
568 |
487 |
572 |
640 |
492 |
565 |
441 |
461 |
463 |
445 |
452 |
YGATA
A10 |
YGATA
H4.1 |
462 |
GGAAT
1807 |
635 |
|
|
|
1
YHRD
sample |
Ardon
N.
Ossetia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
23 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
YHRD
sample |
Armenia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
16 |
10 |
15 |
15 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
YHRD
sample |
Georgia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
YHRD
sample |
Georgia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 YHRD
samples |
Abazinians
Georgia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 YHRD
samples |
Kabardinians
s.w.
Russia* |
GENL |
|
14 |
22 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
|
12 |
10 |
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2. Other
anonymous samples which have great similarities to the men
above
Marker designations in blue
* An asterick behind a sample indicates that the person is only predicted part
of this group and
lacks sufficient markers to confirm it. Exceptions made for
relatives of a confirmed member.
Haplogroup SNP Testing Codes
Test results not relevant to the men on this
page not listed
X - not tested
? - unclear what testing was or was not done
GENL - tested only for M201, the SNP that characterizes
plain G but not tested further
PART - was found M201+ (G)
and P15+ (G2a) but not tested further for subgroups pertinent to the men on this
page
NULL - was found M201+ (G) and P15+ (G2a) and
negative for P16 (G2a1)
MORE - was found M201+ (G) and
P15+ (G2a) and P16+ (G2a1)
MANY - was found P16+
(G2a1), but test for P18 (G2a1a) was not then available
MUCH - was found P16+ (G2a1) and negative for P18 (G2a1a)
FULL - was found P16+ (G2a1) and P18+ (G2a1a)
Link to Haplogroup G Tree
Structure