Haplogroup G Project
                              DNA Results and Groupings

                                                     G2a3b1 individuals (DYS388=13) 
                                           on genetic branch 4A

The genetic branch 4A listed here is a name chosen to represent samples found along a branch of
a phylogenetic tree as created by special DNA software from Fluxus.  The relationships shown on
the Fluxus network diagram are based on the various marker values of 67-marker samples with special
weighting given to the slower-mutating markers.  Those persons in branch 4A will have unusually close
relationships with persons from other branches designated as 4, such as 4F.  The availability of 
additional samples may require renaming the branches, but persons closely related here will likely continue
clustering in future versions of the phylogenetic diagram.   Less closely related persons will tend to
move, and thus some caution has to be used in thinking of the branch listed here as anything more than
a helpful, but imperfect, way to try to subgroup G2a3b1 persons.  Inclusion of samples with less than
67 markers on this page is based partially on guesswork, especially with regard to 12-marker samples.

The G2a3b1 status means the men will be positive in special SNP testing for general G (M201)
and G2 (P287) and G2a (P15) and for G2a3 (U8 or S126 or L30) and for G2a3b (L141) and for
G2a3b1 (P303)

The status of the men here with regard to the three subgroups of G2a3b1 is mixed.  Earlier testing showed
that men within the DYS388= 13group are negative for U1 (G2a3b1a)  It is unknown how many men on this page
are positive for L42 (G2a3b1b) or for  L139 (G2a3b1c).  Being negative for all three subgroups would constitute
a group all to itself and designated as G2a3b1*.  One of the men here (Beyerle) was found negative for L42.

For information on what is known of the origins of the overall DYS388=13 group and migrations and time
relationships to other G groupings link to the migration-time page   

The YHRD database is a public database of samples collected from around the world as submitted by  
scientists.   There are matches in YHRD to the men below with DYS385=14,14 and DYS393 =
12,28.  Because DYS388 was not tested, it cannot be ruled out that some belong to a DYS388=12
group such as DYS568=9.  There are too many to list them individually here.  The matches are found from
Stuttgart, Cologne, Berlin and Munich in Germany; from Krusevo, Macedonia (Aromun); from Corund,
Romania (Szekely), from Pardubice, Czech Rep.; from Leiden, Netherlands, from Madridm Santiago de
Compostela and Ibiza Island (Balearics)(5) in Spain; from Sicily (3); from Rio Negro, Chubut and Buenos Aires
in Argentina and from an Hispanic in Texas, USA.  Because of the small population, the five men in Ibiza
Island representative possibly 5% of the population, by far the largest concentration of this particular set of
marker values anywhere in the world.

Results

One subgroup

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue

A second subgroup

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue

A third subgroup

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue

A fourth subgroup

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue