Return to haplogroup G home page




Landmarks in Haplogroup G research

This page uses a new, tentative subgroup classification of haplogroup G that is not yet being
used by the commercial labs.  For details,
link to the clade page on this site.

April 2008         --  the new Y-Chromosome Consortium G chart  is published in Genome Research
                               with no changes from October 2007 version

March 2008      --  The first detailed DNA sample from a G2a3 [earlier just G2] population in the
                              Caucasus region becomes available.  This sample proves to be the
                              closest genetic cousin to most of the G persons of northern Europe
                              and helps set the date for migration to Europe.
                             
January 2008     --  A study of Greece by R. J. King and co-researchers lists a new SNP mutation
                              (M406) found in G men there and also among men from an earlier Turkish study.

October 2007    --  Pre-release circulation of new chart from Y-Chromosome Consortium shows
                               a newly identified SNP mutation (P287) that causes the reclassification of many
                               haplogroup G categories as new subgroups with new names.  Michael
                               Hammer of Univ. of Arizona also announces a new G1b subcategory (P76)

September 2007-- Ted Kandell begins G2c [then termed G5] project at Family Tree DNA.

                         --  Ray Banks releases updated clade page, with listings for new clades
                              and info on some useful slow markers that subdivide some clades.

August 2007       -- First detailed DNA sample available from the dominant G group in 
                               the Caucasus region, which is also found to be G2a1a (P18+).

July 2007           -- Thomas Krahn of Family Tree DNA Lab reports that the
                              SNP markers for G1a, G2a1 [then termed G2a], and G2a1a [then termed
                              G2a1] are subject to gene conversions and testing is not reliable in all cases.

                          -- Haplogroup G Project exceeds 900 members.

early 2007         --  new Whit Athey calculator available that allows also prediction
                              of G2c [then termed G5] haplogroup in addition to G2a

November 2006 -- University of Central Florida researchers Jack Ballantyne and Lynn M.
                              Symms, together with Gonzaga Univ. scientist Dennis Garvey
                              identify new subcategories of G2a pertinent to most persons in Europe.
                              They also determine that a large group of mostly Ashkenazi Jews
                              belong to haplogroup G2c [then termed G5].

summer 2006     -- M. Regueiro and others publish a study showing a high concentration
                             (but not majority) of G1 in Iran.

summer 2006     -- Peter Christy begins Haplogroup G project at Family Tree DNA

early 2006         -- Ted Kandell launches G2c [then termed G5] forum at Yahoo.com.

early 2006         -- Sanghamitra Sengupta and others publish a study that identifies G2c [then
                             termed G5] individuals for the first time. The G2c men were residents of Pakistan

early 2006         -- Ray Banks initiates this web site with listings of country-by-country percentages
                             of G in the Old World and identification of abt. 20 clades within G.

January 2006     -- Ray Banks initiates a forum at Rootsweb for Haplogroup G topics

late 2005           -- testing of some new subcategories of G other than G2a [then termed G2]
                             become available to the public

abt 2005           -- Whit Athey makes available a calculator for predicting haplogroup G2a
                             [and other haplogroups] based on marker values

2005                 -- Carl-Johan Swardenheim launches short-lived G discussion forum

abt. 2004          --  testing for haplogroup G and G2a become available to the public

2004                 -- Cengiz Cinnioglu and others publish a study that identifies for the
                             first time the G1, G2a1 [then termed G2a] and G2a2 [then termed G2b]
                             subcategories -- all among Turkish men.

2003-2004      --  Ivan Nasidze and others publish two studies showing in the data
                            an extremly high percentage of haplogroup G in N. Ossetia, Russia,
                            and significant percentages south of the Caucasus.

2003                -- Gianna Zei and others publish a study that shows unusual concentration
                            of haplogroup G in northern Sardinia. [But later found to be similar
                            to haplogroup G throughout the island, including the earliest settled areas]

2002               -- The new Y-Chromosome Consortium establishes nomenclature
                           for haplogroups based primarily on letters of the alphabet.

2002?             -- Michael Hammer of the Univ. of Arizona (and others?) identify the G
                           and G2a SNP mutations.