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                                                             Haplogroup G Project
                              DNA Results and Groupings

                                                                              G1a persons


Persons who are G1 are confirmed as such by special SNP testing.  Persons who are G1 will all be
positive for the M201 SNP and for one of the major subgroups, G1 characterized by the M285 or M342
SNP.  The men listed here on this page are also theoretically positive for P20 which characterizes G1a.
Despite relative close relationships to the P20+ men, others have tested negative for P20.  It is highly
suspected that the P20+ status was lost by ancestor in these latter cases.

In 2007, researcher Thomas Krahn announced some problems with the SNPs themselves that may cause persons
who should be positive to lack the changes on the DNA that would be expected.
http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2007-07/1185576938
For a time Family Tree DNA removed P20 from its available tests.  But apparently Krahn was not
able to persuade other labs to follow suit, and the test was restored.  A SNP should have as a
characteristic an inability to be lost, but Krahn's research indicates P20 is located on a part
of the chromosome where changes can occur.  Despite the deficiencies of P20 testing, those men
who are found positive for it provide valuable information.

Green and Kabaker could have been included with the Jewish G1 or the Jewish G1a group, but
based  on the similar countries of origin they are included on this page.

Those with 67 markers within the first two clades listed here show tight clustering on phylogenetic
network diagrams in addition to some distinctive marker values.

The research study mentioned below is Pierre A. Zalloua et al., "Y Chromosomal Diversity in
Lebanon Is Structured by Recent Historical Events," American Journal of Human Genetics,
Apr 2008, vol 82(4), pp 873-82.   There are a few other seemingly G1a samples not shown here.
One of these has a rare 11 value for DYS388, and another has 12 for DYS393.  These
samples are found among Druze, Marionite Christians and Sunni as well as Shiite Muslims.
Research Study # 2 is F. Alshamali, "Local Population Structure in Arabian Peninsula
Revealed by Y-STR Diversity," Human Heredity, 2009, vol 65(1), p 44-54.  Research Study # 3
is S. Sengupta et al., "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in
India.....," American Journal of Human Genetics, 2006, vol. 78(2), pp 202-21.  Research Study
# 4 is Mirvat El Sibai et al., "Geographical Structure of the Y-Chromosomal Genetic Landscape of the
Levant: A Coastal Inland Contrast," Annals of Human Genetics, 2009.   The samples in not from
the Levant.

For information on what is known of the origins of this grouping here and migrations and time
relationships to other G groupings link to the migration-time page.

Where the DYS426 value is shown in italics, this is only predicted.  Virtually all G persons have a
value of 11 for this.

The YHRD database is a collection of samples submitted by scientists worldwide.

Recommended additional deep ancestry testing for men here with the interest and funds for this:

Because there are so few G1a samples, upgrade to Family Tree DNA's 67 markers is always very useful in
determining proper relationships and for time calculations to common ancestors.  For deep ancestry purposes
only one person within a surname project needs the full 67 markers.  For relationships in the last 1000 yrs,
especially among Jewish persons where surnames were adopted late, additional testing within surname projects
might be indicated.

At Family Tree DNA for those tested there, in the haplotree section of your results page is also listed a deep clade
test.  To be truly a G1a person one has to be positive for P20 (G1a).  The deep clade test made
available to you specifically on your page will include P20 if you have not been tested for it.

The decision to test for P20 (G1a) can present some conflicting emotions since it is not reliably positive when
it should be.  However, if it is positive, it will provide assurance that one is truly G1a.  Hopefully the DNA
sequencing project (Walk through the Y) will uncover another SNP that will replace P20 for future testing.
The testing of one G1 man at 23andMe lab did not uncover any new SNPs among their 2000+ SNPs.

The men in the Jewish clade below have such distinctive values at even 12 markers, deep clade testing decisions are
especially difficult because it is certain that all members of this clade will be at least G1, but the G1a testing
may or may not be positive when it should be.  Since one member of this clade was positive for G1a, it is
presumed that all members of the clade should have been found to also be G1a since the G1a mutation occurred
long before the common ancestor of this clade lived.

It is possible that the deep clade testing will determine that you are not G1a at all but instead belong to another
subgroup. If so, see the section on this Internet site that describes the most specific other subgroup for which
you are positive.  It will have information on what is recommended testing for that subgroup.

Results        
A diverse group   
 

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue

Kit No.	Surname	Ancestral.origin	Haplo Code	YSearch Link	393	390	19 (394)	391	385 a	385 b	426	388	439	389 i	392	389 ii	458	459 a	459 b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464 a	464 b	464 c	464 d	464 e	464 f	460	GATA H4	YCA IIa	YCA IIb	456	607	576	570	CDY a	CDY b	442	438	531	578	395 S1a	395 S1b	590	537	641	472	406 S1	511	425	413 a	413 b	557	594	436	490	534	450	444	481	520	446	617	568	487	572	640	492	565	441	461	463	445	452	YGATA A10	YGATA H4.1	462	GGAAT 1807	635
N3666	Hahn/Hehn*	Hungary	GENL	YPRDS	13	23	14	10	15	16	11	12	11	12	12	28
55950	Herres	Germany	SOME	ZGM3U	13	24	14	11	14	14	11	12	11	12	12	28	20	8	9	11	11	24	16	21	27	11	15	15	15			10	10	20	20	15	13	18	18	34	39	12	10	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	11	10	12	20	21	14	10	12	12	15	8	11	24	20	14	12	11	14	10	11	11	11
M5002	Hassan	Yemen	PART	DCCRR	13	24	14	11	14	16	11	12	12	11	12	28	17	9	9	11	11	24	16	22	27	11	13	14	14			11	9	20	20	15	13	16	18	35	37	12	10	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	11	9	12	21	22	14	10	12	12	15	8	13	24	20	14	1\3	11	15	10	12	11	12
	DiConti*	SicilyItaly	??	MREEN	13	23	14	10	14	14	11	12	12	12	12	28
101330	Hasday	Spain	GENL	PAFKB	13	24	14	10	14	14	11	12	13	12	12	28
110592	Hazday	Turkey	GENL	ZZDPB	13	24	14	10	14	14	11	12	12	12	12	28	16	9	10	11	11	24	16	21	27	11	14	14	14			10	10	19	20	15	12	17	19	34	36	11	10
N33177	Labriola	Italy	ALL	7K43D	13	23	14	10	13	14	11	12	11	12	12	29
	ResearchStudy2*	SaudiArabia	X		13	23	14	10	14	14	11		11	12	12	30
N14998	Pool	USA	MANY	4CDDS	13	23	14	10	15	15	11	12	11	13	12	29	16	9	9	11	11	25	15	21	28	11	14	14	15			10	9	20	21	15	13	18	16	35	37	13	10	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	10	10	12	22	22	14	10	12	12	15	8	12	24	29	13	12	11	14	10	11	11	11
151532	Pool	ArkansasUSA	X	ANXHS	13	23	14	10	15	15	11	12	11	13	12	29	16	9	9	11	11	25	15	21	28	11	14	14	15
112062	Poole	MissouriUSA	X		13	23	14	10	15	15	11	12	11	13	12	29
86328	Poole	KentuckyUSA	X	YVB7U	13	23	14	10	15	15	11	12	11	13	12	29	16	9	9	11	11	25	15	21	28	11	14	14	15			10	9	20	21	15	13	18	16	35	37	13	10
93216	Pool	AlabamaUSA	X	89JCV	13	23	14	10	15	15	11	12	11	13	12	29	16	9	9	11	10	25	15	21	28	11	14	14	15			10	9	20	21	15	13	18	16	35	37	13	10
5346	Mills	Wales	ALL	TYAFB	13	23	14	11	14	14	11	12	13	12	12	29	16	9	10	11	11	24	16	21	28	11	11	14	14			10	9	20	20	15	13	16	16	35	37	10	10	11	8	15	16	8	11	10	8	11	10	12	20	22	15	10	12	12	14	8	12	24	20	14	12	11	14	10	11	11	11
	YHRDsample*	n.Portugal	X		13	23	14	11	14	14	11		13	12	12	29																											10
N43744	Kalimnakis/Ganotzis	Greece	MANY	32R65	14	23	14	11	14	15	11	12	12	13	12	30	16	9	9	12	11	23	16	23	27	11	14	14	14
	YHRDsample*	Hungary	X		14	23	15	11	14	15	11			13	12	30
	YHRDsample*	KrakowPoland	X		14	23	15	11	14	15	11		1	13	12	30
97670	Miller/Mueller	Germany	ALL		14	24	15	10	13	13	11	12	12	12	12	28	16	9	9	12	11	23	16	22	28	11	14	14	14			11	9	20	20	18	13	18	18	37	38	12	10
	Research Study*. 2 samples	Lebanon (Mixed)	GENL		14	24	14	10				12	12	13	12	29																											10
	Research Study*. 2 samples	Lebanon (Shiite)	GENL		13	24	14	12				12	11	12	12	30																											10

A predominantly Jewish cluster, DYS 460=9, DYS442=11 and distinctive DYS464 combo
         .....very closely related      

                                                                                                                                     Marker designations in blue

Kit No.	Surname	Ancestral.origin	Haplo Code	YSearch Link	393	390	19 (394)	391	385 a	385 b	426	388	439	389 i	392	389 ii	458	459 a	459 b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464 a	464 b	464 c	464 d	464 e	464 f	460	GATA H4	YCA IIa	YCA IIb	456	607	576	570	CDY a	CDY b	442	438	531	578	395 S1a	395 S1b	590	537	641	472	406 S1	511	425	413 a	413 b	557	594	436	490	534	450	444	481	520	446	617	568	487	572	640	492	565	441	461	463	445	452	YGATA A10	YGATA H4.1	462	GGAAT 1807	635
55252	Salume/Bendek	Palestine	SOME	QQNP5	12	23	16	10	14	15	11	13	12	12	12	29	17	8	9	11	11	24	14	21	28	12	14	14	14			10	9	20	20	15	14	17	17	32	34	12	10
55215	Bendeck		GENL		12	23	16	10	14	15	11	13	12	12	12	29	18	8	9	11	11	24	14	21	28	11	14	14	14			10	9	20	20	15	14	17	17	32	34	12	10
	YHRDsample*	SaoPauloBrazil	X		12	23	16	10	14	15	11			12	12	29
	ResearchStudy4*	Iran	GENL		12	23	16	10	14	16	11	12	12	12	12	29	20						16	21									10			20							10																																								21
	ResearchStudy4*	Jordan	GENL		12	23	16	10	13	15	11	12	12	12	12	29	16						14	21									10			15							10																																								21
N52075	Daboub	Palestine	ALL	SYWW3	12	23	16	11	13	15	11	13	12	12	12	29	17	8	9	11	11	24	14	21	28	11	14	14	14			10	9	20	20	15	14	16	17	31	34	12	10
	ResearchStudy2*	Dubai	X		13	23	15	10	13	15	11		12	12	12	29
	YHRDsample*	Ethiopia	X		13	23	15	10			11		9	12	12	29																											10
	YHRDsample*	Nepal	X		13	23	15	10			11		11	12	12	29																											10
	ResearchStudy3*	Pakistan(Brahui)	PART		12	23	14	11			11	12	11	12	12	29																																																											12

          *an asterisk indicates the person has an insufficient number of
            markers or SNP tests to determine if he is correctly categorized

Haplogroup SNP Testing Codes
         Negative test results not relevant to the men on this page are not listed
X - not tested 
? - unclear what testing was or was not done
GENL - tested only for M201, the SNP that characterizes plain G but not tested further.
PART - was found M285+ or M342+  (G1) but not tested further for G1 subgroups.
SOME - was found M285+ or M342+  (G1) and problematically found negative for P20 (G1a)
MANY - was found M285+ or M342+  (G1) and problematically found negative for both G1 subgroups
ALL - was found M201+ (G) and M285+ or M342+  (G1)
                     and P20+ (G1a)  


Link to Haplogroup G Tree Structure