KNOWLEDGE  MANAGEMENT (KM):
COGNITIVE  COMPETENCIES  AND
TECHNOLOGICAL  SKILLS
 

Volume 10, Number 11                                                                                               June  2004
 

          
ENTREPRENEURIAL  TRANSFORMATIONAL  LEADERSHIP  
          
          Previous issues of Knowledge Management (KM) have highlighted macro transitions from Globally Competitive Communities of the 1990s to Electronically Networked Communities and Electronically Networked Intelligent Enterprises with Virtual Communities Of Practice.  An August 2002  issue of KM highlighted a global digital divide between African and G8 nations.

          “Africa is the only continent where poverty is on the rise.  Over 40% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s 659 million people live below the international poverty line of US$1 a day.  Africa’s share of world trade has plummeted, accounting for less than 2%.  More than 140 million young people in Africa are illerate, and Africa is the only region where the number of children out of schools is rising.  Life expectancy in Africa is the lowest in the world, and continues to decrease with HIV/AIDS incidence rates of more than 25 percent in some countries.  More than 200 million Africans have no access to health services, and more than 250 million lack access to safe drinking water.  One African in five is affected by armed conflict and the number of civilian casualties of war is higher than anywhere else in the world.”  G8 economies account for 48% of the global economy, 80% of the economic activity of developed economies, and 49% of global trade.

          Africa is the second largest continent after Asia covering 30 million square kilometers including several surrounding islands.  Africa has 54 independent countries, 48 mainland and 6 island states, with an estimated total population of 700 million.  North of the Sahara Desert lie 5 predominantly Muslim countries all bordering the southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.  South of the Sahara Desert are three group of nations: (a) a group led by South Africa, (b) an Economic Community of Central African States, and (c) 16 nation states in West Africa. 

          The Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS) was formed in 1975 and consists of 16 states with the objective of promoting trade and self-reliance in West Africa.  A revised ECOWAS treaty, designed to accelerate economic integration and to increase political co-operation was signed in 1993.  The revised treaty designates the achievement of a common market and a single currency as economic objectives, while in the political sphere it envisages the establishment of a West African parliament, an economic and social council and an ECOWAS court of justice to replace the existing Tribunal and enforce Community decisions.  The treaty also formerly assigned the Community with the responsibility of preventing and settling regional conflicts.  ECOWAS is registered in Nigeria.         http://www.mbendi.co.za/cb17.htm


How can an economic development domestic group collaborate with countries in Africa such as the Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS) and/or other groups of nations? 

DIGITAL  DIVIDE  vs  DIGITAL  DIVIDEND

          A Digital Divide exists between “have” and “have not” groups in each G8 economy and among the G8 nations when compared on the basis of variables like applications of a firm’s strategies.  And, accelerating applications and convergence of technologies widens the gap between have and have not groups in a G8 economy and between G8 countries and poor nations.   What entrepreneurial strategic thinking must focus on converting digital divides into dividends? 

          Business development begins with an analysis of domestic strengths.  “Domestic” is broadly defined in the United States in that interstate commerce can be conducted with relative ease.  And, commerce with Canada can be done with ease in comparison to other regions of the world.  Agriculture is a business development opportunity that can meet a need in many developing areas.  

Research Question: How can collaborative entrepreneurial strategic thinking for an economy sector, like agriculture, become a core mission priority for an alliances of enterprises?

          Analysis of business and economic development strategy includes critique of economic, government/political, and technological variables in countries interested in commerce.  Guinea has indicated an interest in pursuing commerce with the U.S.  Information about Guinea includes:  
Guinea 

Main Trading Partners: USA, Germany, the former USSR, Spain, Canada, and France.     
    

Major Industries: Agriculture, Bauxite Refining, Fishing, and Mining.       


Primary Products: Bananas, Bauxite, Cassava, Coffee, Diamonds, Iron Ore, Livestock, Maize,
                             Millet, Palm Oil Products, Pineapples, Rice, and Timber.


Main Exports: Aluminum, Bananas, Bauxite, Coffee, Diamonds, Palm Products, and Pineapples.


Higher Education: University of Conakry and University of Kankan.


http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/guinea/

          Business and economic development strategy could include critique of variables in a few
countries in ECOWAS.  And, business or economic development strategy could include Egypt, positioned strategically among countries, and South Africa, a dynamic economic powerhouse.


Research Question:  Business, “community,” and education development must be sychronized.  Corporations are more likely to enter into partnerships if governments are stable and education provides a supply of trained personnel. How can these variables be guaranteed in partnerships?

          A Framework for Entrepreneurial Strategic Thinking about business development is displayed to assist in organizing ideas for creating strategy.  The “Trade and Development Act of 2000" (PL 106-200) provides resources for both Sub-Saharan and Caribbean Basin countries. 


How could commerce flow between Africa, the Caribbean, and NAFTA in “win-win chains?”
How can countries in South America be included in chains of consumers and suppliers?   
What commitments were made at the G8 Conference in 2003 and what insights were gained?
How can a G8 Conference in Georgia this year convert digital divides into digital dividends?

An Africa-U.S. Business Development Conference was held in Washington in summer 2003.
An agenda for African - American relations from that meeting is in KM, August 2003, p. 5.
What can be done between now and an Africa-U.S. Business Development Conference in 2005?
 

A  FRAMEWORK  FOR  ENTREPRENEURIAL  STRATEGIC  THINKING 

                                                          2004         2005         2006         2007         2008         2009


          Activities (see below)               1                2           3                       

Business Development –  Domestic


Agriculture – Agricultural firms are assisting African nations in a ‘Green Revolution’ initiative?
Construction – Collaboration to build physical infrastructure including healthcare and schools?
     Buildings
          Education
          Health Care
     Roads-related
Defense-related
Manufacturing
     Automotive-related
     Medical-related
Procurement
Security-related
Services-related
Transportation-related

Business Development  –  Africa and Caribbean Basin  


African Growth & Opportunity Act(AGOA); see KM, June 2003, 2-3.
Ghana – see KM, Aug 2002, pp. 7, 9, and 11.
South Africa – see KM, Aug 2002, pp. 9 and 11.
Tunisia – see WSIS below and in KM, Jan 2004, p. 7 (June 24-26, 2004, and Nov 16-18, 2005).
  
Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA); see June 2003, KM p. 3.
Bahamas
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica

Business Development  –  South America


Brazil
Argentina
Chile
_____________________________                        
Activities
1.  G8 Conference at Sea Island, Georgia, June 8-10, 2004; see May KM, p. 6.
         2003:  http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/      June 8-10, 2004:  http://www.g8usa.gov/
2.  Africa-US Business Development Conference, Summer 2005
3.  World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)    http:www.itu.int/wsis/

Demand  Driven  Emerging  Global  Economy

 
 EASTERN  EUROPE’S  KM  CHALLENGES   

          On May 1, the European Union expanded eastward, shifting from a tight-knit, club-like association of 15 countries, centered around France and Germany, to an assemblage of 25 countries representing 455 million people whose outlook on many issues, including wealth and business, varies greatly.               
(Additional paragraphs with good information lead to ....)

          As the European Union expands its borders in a quest for prosperity and power, hundreds of thousands of people may find themselves not invited to the party, their situation having been a result of decades of Communist-ruled state control and command economies.  During the industrial age, output, rather than outcome, was a key measure of success.  Today, economies are increasingly based on knowledge.  Although finding a better way of doing things has always been a virtual guarantee of long-term growth and success, what is different in the information age is that a growing portion of production is now in the form of intangibles.  This is sometimes referred to as the weightless economy, which consists of three elements: (a) technologies such as the Internet; (b) intellectual property, ranging from patents and trademarks to consulting and professional services; and (c) information stores such as libraries and online databases.

Spira, Jonathan B. (May 2004).  Eastern Europe’s KM Conundrum.  KMWorld, 13(5), 1 and 3.
          (J. Spira is CEO at Basex, http://www.basex.com)  http://www.kmworld.com

BRAZIL,  ARGENTINA.  AND  CHILE
http://www.ustr.gov/reports/nte/2004/index.htm

Brazil

          The U.S. trade deficit with Brazil was $6.7 billion in 2003, an increase of $3.3 billion from $3.4 billion in 2002.  U.S. goods exports in 2003 were $11.2 billion, down 9.4 percent from the previous year.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Brazil were $17.9 billion, up 13.3 percent.  Brazil is currently the 15th largest export market for U.S. goods.


Argentina

          The U.S. trade deficit with Argentina was $734 million in 2003, a decrease of $868 million from $1.6 billion in 2003.  U.S. goods exports in 2003 were $2.4 billion, up 546 percent from the previous year.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Argentina were $3.2 billion, down 0.6 percent.  Brazil is currently the 39th largest export market for U.S. goods.


Chile

          The U.S. trade deficit with Chile was $984 million in 2003, a decrease of $192 million from $1.2 billion in 2003.  U.S. goods exports in 2003 were $2.7 billion, up 4.2 percent from the previous year.  Corresponding U.S. imports from Chile were $3.7 billion, down 2.2 percent.    Chile is currently the 35th largest export market for U.S. goods.

          Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America, pursuing agricultural growth and development of vast natural resources such as bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, tin, phosphates, platinum, uranium, and petroleum.  Brazil is an area slightly smaller than the U.S.
http://www.odci.gov.cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html

 

E-BUSINESS  ON  DEMAND

          IBM debuted its “e-Business on Demand” strategy with much fanfare in late 2002, highlighting on demand as a way of making supply chains more agile and adaptable to changing market conditions.  But behind the scenes, IBM itself has been going through a significant supply chain revolution: The company set up an Integrated Supply Chain (ISC) group in 2002, consolidating dozens of different supply chains into a single organization that now runs most of Big Blue’s supply operations.  The goal: become more flexible, more responsive to customers’ evolving needs, in short, more “on demand.”

Reese, Andrew K. (April/May 2004).  Breaking the Silo Mentality.  Supply & Demand Chain
          Executive, 3(5), 37-40.  http://www.sdcexec.com

E-COMMERCE  TAKES  OFF

          Back in 1999, at the height of the internet frenzy, Forrester, a research company, forecast that online retail sales in America could reach $100 billion by 2002. ....  The 200m Americans who now have web access are likely to spend more than $120 billion online this year.  And, that is only part of the story.  E-commerce has not only grown into a huge thing in its own right, it has done so in a way that will change every kind of business, offline as well as online, as our survey .... p. 9.

A Perfect Market: A survey of e-commerce, May 15, 2004, The Economist, 371(8375). Articles:
Santa’s helpers: Retailers are the top performers online, pp. 5-8.
Click to fly: Within a decade, most travel bookings are likely to move online, pp. 8-11.
At the drop of a hammer: Online auctions have been a runaway success, pp. 12-14.
A market too far: Why some business-to-business exchanges have been slow to take off, p. 14.
Virtual fun: There are plenty of ways to amuse yourself online, pp. 15-16.
Spiders in the web: Searching for profit has become highly competitive, pp. 16-18.
Unlimited opportunities?: The internet ..., but security urgently needs to be improved, pp. 18-20.
Previous surveys and a list of forthcoming surveys:  http://www.economists.com/surveys

THIS  THREAT  COULD  KILL  E-COMMERCE 

          They can be alarming, threatening, or enticing.  Many are convincing.  Called phishing schemes, they are emails – usually with links to websites – that appear to come from legitimate sources like online retailers or banks and try to trick users into divulging valuable personal data.


          Criminals are unleasing more and more of these sophisticated online scams, according to the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG), which tracked 282 new, unique phishing attacks in February – a 60 percent increase from January and a 163 percent increase over December.

Savage, Marcia (May 2004).  This threat could kill e-commerce.  SC Magazine 15(5), 22-25.

SC MAGAZINE  AWARDS  2004

          SC Magazine Global Awards 2004 was the world’s leading program for the information security industry.  Some 900 products were nominated by about 300 companies. 
 
TIER-TWO COMPANIES and TIER-ONE CHALLENGES

          Definitions of what, exactly, constitutes the mid-market vary, of course.  Some analysts suggest that the mid-tier companies begin somewhere around $50 million in annual revenues and ends just shy of the Fortune 1000, which starts at a little over $1 billion in annual sales.   + more


          Questions of size aside, mid-market companies today operate in the same business environment as the Fortune 500 and face the same challenges that confront larger organizations.

Reese, Andrew K. (April/May 2004).  Stuck in the Middle. Supply & Demand Chain Executive,
         3-5, 22-30.  An outstanding article full of excellent resources.  http://www.sdcexec.com

DEMAND  MANAGEMENT

          Achieving excellence in demand management – discovering, creating, growing, and fulfilling demand – is the core of market leadership.  In the 1990s, advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) brought some improvements.  But here we are, a decade later, and many companies have thrown up their hands, accepting poor forecast accuracies and focusing almost exclusively on execution improvements and lead-time reduction as the only way to improve demand management.


          A few forward-thinking companies have been able to rise above the crowd, not just in better forecasting, but across a whole process of generating understanding and fulfilling demand.

McBeath, Bill.  The Analyst Corner: Demand Management.  Supply & Demand Chain Executive,
          3-5, 32-36. An outstanding article full of excellent resources.  http://www.sdcexec.com

TOP  25  THIRD-PARTY  LOGISTICS  PROVIDERS  EXTEND  GLOBAL  REACH

          
          With international trade mushrooming and supply chains expanding around the world, third-party logistics providers have taken on an increasingly important role for multinational manufacturers and retailers.  Manufacturers need absolutely reliable sources of supply.  Retailers need flexible links to suppliers with low-cost production.

Foster, Thomas A., and Armstrong, Richard (May 2004).  Top 25 Third-Party Logistics
          Providers Extend Their Global Reach.  Global Logistics & Supply Chain Strategies, 8(5), 
          32-48.  http://www.supplychainbrain.com   Library category: Logistics/Transportation

An elite group of just 25 3PLs increasingly dominate logistics outsourcing.  The top seven are:
1.  Exel                                          http://www.exel.com
2.  Kuehne & Nagel Logistics        http://www.kuehne-nagel.com
3.  Schenker                                  http://www.schenkerusa.com
4.  DHL Danzas Air & Ocean        http://www.us.danzas.com
5.  P&O Nedlloyd                          http://www.ponl.com
6.  TPG/TNT                                 http://www.tntlogistics.com
7.  Panalpina                                  http://www.panalpina.com
The seven largest global 3PLs are all European-based companies.  Many have offices in U.S.
 

MOBILE  ENTERPRISE:  WI-FI  and  BEST  PRACTICES

          Wireless fidelity is no longer considered a novelty amongst a growing number of corporate IT professionals, and it is largely being embraced as a much more cost-effective and flexible alternative to the traditional enterprise LAN.  While the inherent cost benefits of the technology are certainly driving more corporate IT deployments toward a wireless local-area network (WLAN) infrastructure, worker productivity gain is the most compelling reason why corporate executives are embracing the technology.   (Article covers Deployment, Roaming, Security).

Sullivan, Tom (June 2004).  Boiling It Down: WI-FI Explored.  Mobile Enterprise, 5(6), 20-23.
          http://www.MobileEnterpriseMag.com          and        http://www.wi-figuys.com    

          Pity the enterprise that does not achieve full coverage in its deployment of a wireless local-area network (WLAN).  Its mobile workers, desperate to roam, could find themselves stranded, cut off from the network in hallways and between buildings.  The stakes grow higher yet for the enterprise that similarly bungles the appropriate security requirements of a WLAN overlay.  Hacking into a wireless network becomes literally child’s play in the absence of .... 

McWhirter, Douglas (June 2004).  Enterprise WLAN Best Practices.  Mobile Enterprise, 5(6), 
          24-26.  (Article contains 8 Best Practices).        http://www.MobileEnterpriseMag.com         


A  COMMUNITY  HEALTH  NETWORK  IN  CHICAGO

          Access Community Health Network, a Chicago-based operator of health clinics, is the largest private community health center organization in the metro area.  It provides primary and preventive healthcare in underserved local neighborhoods through its 42 health centers and caseworkers in the field.
          Access recently turned to a pen-based, wireless computing solution to get quicker, more accurate care for its clients.  With the wireless computers, a customized software program, a wide-area network and cooperation from nearly 10 other social agencies, Access is providing assistance and referrals in just a few minutes, rather than several hours or days, as was ....

Britt, Phil (June 2004).  A Community Effort.  Mobile Enterprise, 5(6), 43-45.
 
RETHINKING  THE  MOBILE  ENTERPRISE

          Remember a few years ago when the wireless mobile enterprise was the next big thing?  High-speed 3G bandwidth would hover in the air everywhere, enabling you to whip out a wireless PDA and turn the backseat of a taxicab into a rolling office with seamless access to ... apps.
          Although ubiquitous 3G remains an indeterminate number of year off, carriers are ....

Knorr, Eric (May 10, 2004).  Is True Mobility At Hand?  InfoWorld, 26(19), 33-39.  Also, read:

Chee, Brian, and Rist, Oliver (May 17, 2004).  The Wi-Fi Security Challenge.  InfoWorld, 26(20),
          40-55.  (Article includes top 10 WLAN Deployment Tips).  http://www.infoworld.com
 
ANNUAL  MEETING  ON  GLOBAL  LEADING,  LEARNING,  AND  RESEARCH
Fischler Graduate School of Education and Human Services
Summer Instruction, The Research Institute, & The Global Leading and Learning Institute
Disneyworld Contemporary Resort, July 25-30, 2004
http://www.fgse.nova.edu/summer/

Author’s presentations at above-mentioned conference

LEADERSHIP  IN  ELECTRONICALLY  NETWORKED  COMMUNITIES (ENCs)


VIA  VIRTUAL  COMMUNITIES  OF  PRACTICE (VCOPs)

          “Globally Competitive Communities” of the mid 1990s and “Wired Communities” of the late 1990s led to “Electronically Networked Intelligent Communities” (ENICs) that are  changing the nature of community, economic, and education development.  Developing leadership competencies via Virtual Communities Of Practice (VCOP) is critical to compete and prosper.   “Electronically Networked Intelligent Communities” are evolving due, in part, to application of contemporary technology by multi-national corporations for Business-to-Business (B2B) and Business-to-Customer (B2C) strategies that include globalization of manufacturing, market analysis, supply chain management ranging from raw materials and component parts to distribution of finished products, and e-Customer Relations Management (e-CRM).  Although engineers and researchers began Virtual Communities Of Practice (VCOP) in concept design plus research and development, VCOPs are maturing in e-government and in all services sectors.


          A synthesis of research on above-mentioned topics will be followed by implications.  And,
resources will be provided including Knowledge Management newsletters and other publications. 
Applications of biometric, card, voice, and wireless technologies will be briefly discussed for a few economy sectors.  A conversion from “charts” and paper-based formats to digital hospitals, requires that education prepare “point-of-care” knowledge managers.  The sessions will include suggestions for research topics for career planning and curriculum development plus ideas for e-newsletters and portals for business and economic development.  An attempt will be made to create VCOPs for above-mentioned topics and for creating developmentally appropriate learning about “basics” for converting digital divides to digital dividends for better Quality Of Life (QOL). 

AFRICAN  YOUTH  FOUNDATION  INTERNATIONAL  CONFERENCE (AYF-IC3)

           The third session of the African Youth Foundation International Conference (AYF-IC3) will be held in Frankford Germany on June 18th-19th.                      http://www.ayf.de


INTERNET OPENNESS 

          Once the undisputed leader in Web usage, the U.S. has slipped to sixth place in terms of   E-readiness in a ranking of 50 developed countries.  E-readiness measures a nation’s E-business milieu to determine how open it is to Internet opportunities.  Economic Intelligence Unit of The Economist Group, publisher of The Economist magazine.      http://www.economist.com
 


KNOWLEDGE  MANAGEMENT (KM)  and  OTHER  RESOURCES

KM can be accessed and mined: http://www.members.cox.net/greenka6/wgnewweb/wgmenu.html
 Comment: I work with individuals using multiple form and style guides with unique variations.
Content and leads to sources remain a central focus of KM; consistency to a format is variable.
Warren H.Groff, 3408 N. 49th St., Milwaukee, WI 53216-3208, 414-871-1127, groffw@nova.edu