KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM): 
COGNITIVE COMPETENCIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS 
 
 

Volume 9, Number 4                                      April 2003 

GLOBALIZATION, E-COMMERCE, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY 
The January issue of KM indicated that "Globally Competitive Communities" and "Wired Communities" have led to "Intelligent Communities" with Virtual Communities of Practice. Ennis, Ireland; a Florida High Tech Corridor; and Dubai Internet City (DIC) were highlighted. What characteristics are essential for Intelligent Communities and Virtual Communities of Practice? 

Globalization, e-commerce, knowledge management, and technology are among the forces driving changes that must be integrated as content in all business certificate and degree programs. Beyond curriculum content, delivery systems and outcomes assessment must be upgraded. Also, career development from awareness and exploration to specializations with concentrations must be upgraded. Colleges and schools must analyze emerging roles by economy sectors in E-Commerce (B2B and B2C), Health Informatics, Knowledge Management, Chief Information Officers, Chief Technology Officers, and Chief Learning Officers, etc. to identify challenges and issues that need to be in curriculum to promote Critical Thinking Competencies and problem Solving Skills.

Globalization of design, manufacturing, outsourcing, and supply chains that originate and pass through multiple nations in e-formats are becoming commonplace. Analysis of multinational corporations is essential. General Motors Corporation (GM) is an example of globalization. According to Ball et al. only 23 nations had a gross national product (GNP) greater than the total annual sales of GM, the world's largest international company, in 1998 (Ball, 2002, pp. 15-17). 

General Motors Corporation (GM) is one of the world's largest industrial companies manufacturing millions of vehicles that total from 14% to 17% of the world's vehicle market. Internationally, with operations in 73 countries, GM cars and trucks are sold in more than 200 countries with more than 260 major subsidies, joint ventures and affiliates around the world (Quarto, 2003, p. 1). Access and mine http://www.gm.com

More important, however, is information about changes such as the conversion from 12-14 volt to 36-42 volt electrical systems. GM is the first of the automobile manufacturers to begin converting to 36-42 volts to accommodate consumer demands like digital dashboard, etc. 

Ball, D.A.; McCulloch, W.H.; Frantz, P.L.; Geringer, J.M.; and Minor, M.S. (2002). 
International business: The challenge of global competition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. 

Quarto, M.L. (2003). Development of a 42 volt power systems training manual for technicians of General Motors Corporation 42 volt technical training program. (Doctoral dissertation, Higher Education Leadership Program, Nova Southeastern University, 2003). 

EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN INTERNATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS 

Ball et al. describe explosive growth in international business, both the number and the size of foreign and U.S. establishments (Establishments is a U.S. Census Bureau term for companies). A United Nations agency (UNCTAD) estimates that there were over 60,000 with half a million foreign affiliates that accounted for 25% of global output in 1999 that accounted for two-thirds of world trade. Sales of 45,000 parent companies with 280,000 foreign affiliates were $7 trillion. Transnational companies (TNCs) are measured in terms of foreign assets. "General Electric is the world's largest TNC, closely followed by the Ford Motor Company and Royal Dutch Shell Group (United Kingdom and Netherlands). What is striking is that 85 of the top 100 have been on the UNCT AD list for several years. Only two, Petroleos of Venezuela and Daewoo Corporation of Korea, are from developing countries" (Ball et al., pp. 14-15). 

RANKING OF INTERNATIONAL FIRMS AND NATIONS BY GNP 

In the ranking of international firms and nations based on GNP, only 23 countries are ahead of General Motors Corporation (GM). GM is followed by DaimlerChrysler (26), Ford Motor (29), Wal-Mart Stores (31), Mitsui (Japan-37), Itochu (J-38), Mitsubishi (J-39), Exxon (43), General Electric (44), Toyota (J-45), Royal Dutch Shell (UK-48), Marubeni (J-49, and Sumitomo (J-50). 

What concepts are essential for inclusion as content in developmentally appropriate learning units? 
What ethical and moral issues must firms face: political, technology, competitiveness, etc? 
What issues do economy sectors face in diversity, leadership, outsourcing, Quality Of Life? 
An automotive list of manufacturers is below with international ranking and Web site addresses. 

IN THE DRIVER'S SEAT: TOP 10 AUTO MANUFACTURERS 
#24   1. General Motors Corporation http://www.gm.com 
#29   2. Ford Motor Corporation http://www.ford.com 
#26   3. DaimlerChrysler AG http://www.damilerchrysler.com 
#35   4. Toyota Motor Corporation http://www.toyota.com/en/index.html
#58   5. Volkswagen AG http://www.volkswagen.de 
#86   6. Honda Motor Co., Ltd. http://www.honda.co.jp/english 
#80   7. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. http://www.nissan-global.com 
#81   8. Fiat S.p.A. http://www.fiat.com 
?      9. PSA Peugeot Citroen S.A. http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
?    10. Renault S.A. http://www.renault.com 

Burnson, P.(ApriI2003). In the driver's seat. World Trade. P.16. http://www.worldtrademag.com

AFRICA - U.S. BUSINESS SUMMIT

An Africa - U.S. Business Summit is scheduled to be held in Washington on June 24-27. 

How can economic development supply chains be created between African and Caribbean Basin countries and the U.S. via the Trade and Development Act of 2000? See chart on the next page. 

CO-CREATING VISIONS and ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS

Macroenvironmental -- Economic, Geographic, Government, and Technological Variables 

Africa Growth and Opportunity Act of 2000 (AGOA) 

AGOA is comprised of 48 countries of sub-Saharan Africa that are richly endowed with both natural and human resources. http://www.agoa.gov/index.html 
 
                                       Strengths         Weaknesses         Opportunities         Threats 

AGOA Countries

Ghana 
Nigeria Senegal
South Africa 
Uganda 
Additional African Countries
Egypt through Morocco 

Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act of 2000 (CBTPA) 

CBTPA is comprised of 23 independent countries that together form the sixth largest export market for U.S. goods that totaled $19 billion, 2.7% of U.S. in 1999. http://www.mac.doc.gov

                                          Strengths         Weaknesses         Opportunities         Threats 

CBTPA Countries 

Bahamas 
Dominican Republic 

Haiti 
Jamaica 
Puerto Rico 
Trinidad & Tobago 
Additional CB Countries 
Virgin Islands 

CRITICAL THINKING COMPETENCIES and PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS 

Analysis of economic, governmental, and technological variables requires critical thinking competencies (CTC) and problem solving skills (PSS), especially in critiquing data electronically, domestically and internationally. One opportunity includes a critique of data and information of countries in Africa and the Caribbean Basin to apply the "Trade and Development Act of 2000" (Public Law 106-200). P.L. 106-200 contains two titles (a) Title I - Extension of Certain Trade Benefits to Sub-Saharan Africa and (b) Title n - Trade Benefits for (the) Caribbean Basin. Title I is cited as the "African Growth and Opportunity Act" (AGOA). Ghana is used as an example. 

Basic data and information can be obtained from a variety of primary and secondary resources. Access African Internet Connectivity at http://www3.sn.apc.org and click on Ghana

Also, access Ghana Home Page at http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/index.php and click on President, then Maps of Ghana, General Information, and Education to mine ideas. 

Then click on Links to Ghana sites, then on Top: Business: Import & Export, and followed by Ghana Export Promotion Counsil. Mine a few ideas for E-Commerce International Trade

Then, click on The Ghana Exporter Online and mine ideas from Ghanaian Business Briefs as well as from Market Information and Trade Data. Mine ideas for E-Commerce potential. 

Title II is referred to as the "Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act" (CBERA). "The 23 independent countries of the Caribbean Basin region together form the sixth largest export market for U.S. goods, totaling $19 billion and absorbing 2.7 percent of U.S. exports in 1999." CBERA countries have been devastated via global competition, hurricanes, and a decline in tourism. An analysis of advances in economy sectors can benefit majority and minority firms in multiple nations via partnerships. Computer consoles and digital dashboards are comprised of thousands of component parts that can be manufactured and could be assembled offshore and the subassemblies shipped to a destination for final assembly and distributed internationally as part of developing an enterprise incremental strategy for sustainability. Basic information is presented for The Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica: 

Gross Domestic Product by Sector 

                                            Population   Agriculture   Industry   Services   Infrastructure Info 

Bahamas                                 284,000     3%             5%           92%        In services? 
Dominican Republic               8,130,000    19               25             56           In manufacturing? Haiti                                     6,900,000     42              14             44           Ag manufacturing? Jamaica                                2,653,000      7               42             51           In manufacturing?

What opportunities do these countries provide for alliances and partnerships? How can African Americans assist in developing and expanding markets in AGOA countries? How can Hispanic Americans assist in developing and expanding markets in Central and South American countries? What competencies and skills are needed to complete a more detailed analysis focused primarily on Competitive Advantage by economy sector using a classical SWOT analysis or the critique of Strengths and Opportunities primarily for alliances, acquisitions, and/or to form partnerships? What competencies and skills are needed for a detailed analysis of business level and functional strategies for e-Market Analysis, e-Commerce, e-Customer Relations Management, e-Human Resources Development, e-Logistics Supply Chain Management for end-to-end manufacturing of computer consoles and digital dashboards or drugs production and distribution in destitute areas? Conceptual frameworks for developing CTC and PSS are displayed on the next page. 

Critical Thinking Competencies (CTC) and Problem Solving Skills (PSS) 
by economy sector firms: retail, financial services, and pharmaceutical establishments 

Competitive advantage provides an extraordinary opportunity to develop CTC and PSS. Employees in retail firms could do a classical strategic planning SWOT analysis: 

                                                     Strengths     Weaknesses    Opportunities     Threats
Retail Firms 

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. http://www.walmart.com
Kohl's Corporation http://www.kohls.com
J. C. Penney Co. http://www.jcpenney.com 
Gap Inc. http://www.gap.com 
TJX Companies http://www.tjx.com 
Limited, Inc. http://www.limited.com 
Talbots Corp. http://www.talbots.com 
Target Corp. http://www.target.com
Federated Dept. Stores http://www.federated-fds.com 
Sears http://www.sears.com 
* Wal-Mart secured top spot on Fortune 500 list in March 2003. 

Analysis could focus on matching "strengths" with "opportunities" for decisions about avoiding a strategy or technique or for alliances, acquisitions, and partnerships. 

Financial Services Firms                                               Matching Strengths with Opportunities

AnchorBank http://www.anchorbank.com 
Associated Bank http://www.associatedbank.com 
Bank One http://www.bankone.com 
First Fed Savings http://www.356bank.com 
F&M Bank - WI http://www.fmbanks.com 
Johnson Bank http://www.iohnsonbank.com 
M&I Bank http://www.mibank.com 
St. Francis Bank http://www.stfrancis.com
U.S. Bank http://www.usbank.com 
Wells Fargo Bank http://www.wellsfargo.com 

Critical Thinking Competencies (CTC) and Problem Solving Skills (PSS) for 
Business Level and Functional Area Strategies 

Analysis of strengths for one or more business level and/or functional area strategies: 

Pharmaceutical Firms                                           E-Commerce, Logistics e-SCM, and/or e-CRM

Abbott Labs http://www.abbott.com
Allegiance http://www.allegiance.net 
Baxter http://www.baxter.com
Bristol-Myers Squibb http://www.bms.com 
Eli Lilly & Co. http://www.lilly.com
Merck http://www.merck.com 
Pfizer http://www.fizer.com
Pharmacia http://www.pharmacia.com 

E-Commerce (EC) provides an extraordinary opportunity to develop CTC and PSS. EC began to emerge in the late 1980s as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), was promoted by the funding of Electronic Commerce Resource Centers (ECRCs) beginning in 1991 primarily to assist defense prime and subcontractors. EC, B2B and B2C, is not an "elective" for most businesses. INTERNETWEEK publishes e-business leaders by economy sector for categories such as (a) high technology, (b) Internet companies, (c) manufacturing, (d) chemicals and pharmaceuticals, (e) consumer products, (f) financial services, (g) retail-distribution, (h) services, and (i) travel and hospitality. Access http://www.members.cox.net/greenka6/wgnewweb/wgmenu.html 

Click on August on the "Menu" and review the contents of that issue on page 1. Then, scroll to page 2 for the EC leaders in (a) high technology, (b) Internet companies, and (c) manufacturing. Click on a few companies like Johnson Controls and Snap-on. Do the same for other categories. 
Customizing instructional materials for alumni, clientele, and students will be made later. 

Knowledge Management (KM) also provided an exceptional experience to develop CTC and PSS. Analysis of the KMWorld 100 leaders in KM can be "mined" for ideas. 

American Productivity & Quality Center http://www.apqc.org/
Brio Software http://www.brio.com/ 
Compaq (The New HP) http://thenew.hp.com/ 
Gartner Research http://www4.gartner.com/ 
People Soft http://www.peoplesoft.com/ 
Oracle http://www.oracle.com/ 
Siebel Systems http://www.siebel.com/ 
Siemens http://www.siemens.com/ 

Health Informatics (HI) can be viewed as a form of KM. The Genome Project has implications for a comprehensive strategy for KM coordinated by a ChiefKnowledge Officer (CKO). 

Specific applications could be critiqued like the IBM Automotive e-business Framework
http://houns54.clearlake.ibm.com/solutions/industrial/indpub.nsf/detailcontracts/e-business_
KM can be analyzed as applied in emerging global automotive alliances by DaimlerChrysler and Hyundai Motor Company http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/news//top/2000/t00626_e.htm and MG Rover and China Brilliance  http://www.mgcars.org.uk/news/news689.html  Ideas can be mined from "Paris Motor Show 2002" via http://www.google.com and http://www.teoma.com and Dubai Internet City http://www.gulf-news.com/Articles/news.asp?ArticleID+64152 

Critical Thinking Competencies (CTC) and Problem Solving Skills (PSS) for 
Communication and Information Technologies 

Awareness about technology is essential. Biometric, card, voice, and wireless technologies are being integrated into business strategy. Activities to promote CTC and PSS could range from analysis of a single technology, like cell phones, to convergence of many systems technologies. 
An analysis of cell phones was done in an E-Commerce course (see August issue of KM above). At an advanced level, analysis of advances in research and development for multiple technologies and critique of applications of technologies by economy sectors would yield CTC and PPS to be a contributing member of a group charged with developing a strategic technology plan. Attached is a conceptual framework for envisioning a Communication and Information Technologies Plan. 

Creating Visions and Alternative Scenarios for 
Advances in R & D and Applications of Technology 
by Virtual Communities of Practice (VCOP)
 
 

ADVANCES IN R & D IN TECHNOLOGY 


 
RAPID
MEDIUM
SLOW
Applications of Technology

Intensive

Biometric 
Broadband 
Card 
Language Conversion 
Multi-Modal... Speech-Voice 
  Recognition, 
  Multi-lingual 
Video-conferencing Wireless 
. .
Medium Use
.

 

. .
Low Use
.

 

. .


HUMAN AND TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 

Databases Networks Training 

Organizational Development (OD) + Human Resources Development (HRD) 

CHANGING CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP

According to Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, authors of Leaders, there were more than 350 definitions of leadership in 1985 and since their book was written, the number of definitions has probably increased dramatically. A check of a library database identified 1,000 books or articles on leadership published in 1999 alone. (Neuhauser, Bender, and Stromberg, 2000, pp. 314-315). 

"Globally Competitive Communities" of the mid 1990s and "Wired Communities" of the late 1990s changed the characteristics of leadership. "Electronically Networked Intelligent Communities" (ENICs) are evolving via Virtual Communities of Practice (VCOP) that are changing characteristics of leadership for community, economic, and education development. 
What aspects of ENICs via VCOP do we need to integrate into economic development initiatives? How can an integrated community, economic and education development plan be co-created? 
What are the implications for advanced countries to assist developing disadvantaged countries? 

Neuhauser, P.C.; Bender, R.; and Stromberg, K.L. (2002). Culture. com: Building corporate culture in the connected workplace. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 

Turban, E.; King, D.; Lee, J.; Warkentin, M.; and Chung, H. M. (2002). Electronic commerce 2002: A management perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 

Wenger, E., et al. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. 

ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL READING 

Doyle, T.C. & Schwartz, J. (2003). The secret life of GE. VARBusiness. http://www.varbusiness.com

Varon, E. (2003). The new lords of E-BIZ. CIa. http://www.cio.com 

AFRICA - U.S. BUSINESS SUMMIT 

An Africa - U.S. Business Development Summit is scheduled in Washington on June 24-27. 

AFRICAN YOUTH FOUNDATION (AYF) SEMINAR

An African Youth Foundation Seminar is scheduled for June 2-6. 
Access Access http://www.ayf.de/

CONFERENCE FOR GLOBAL LEADERSHIP AND LEARNING

The Fischler Graduate School of Education and Human &ervices of Nova Southeastern University and the United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) have developed an outstanding "Conference for Global Leading and Learning."  The conference will be held at the Disney Contemporary Resort on June 12-14. Access http://www.fgse.nova.edu/marketing/cgll-gtep

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) and OTHER RESOURCES

KM can be accessed and mined: http://www.members.cox.net/kgeenka6/wgnewweb/wgmenu.html 

Warren H.Groff, 3408 N. 49th St., Milwaukee, WI 53216-3208, 414-871-1127, groffw@nova.edu